ganized in Berlin for
the express purpose of helping them. On the other hand, the authorities
protested (1906) against expending the funds granted each year for
German educational institutions on the education of non-Germans, and the
Akademischer Club of Berlin passed resolutions demanding a regulation
against their admission. In Leipsic alone, of the six hundred and
sixty-two foreign students who attended the university, three hundred
and forty, or over one-half, are Russian Jews (1906). Of the five
hundred and eighty-six students enrolled in the Commercial University,
three hundred and twenty-two are foreigners, among whom Russians
predominate, and of the eight hundred students who attend the Royal
Conservatory of Music, three hundred are foreigners, also mostly
Russians. Russians constitute two hundred and two of the three hundred
and forty-seven pupils in the Dresden Polytechnicum, and sixty out of
one hundred and thirty-seven in the Dresden Veterinary College, while in
the Freiberg School of Mines and in the Tharand Forestry Academy they
are in a majority, though they pay twice, and in some places three
times, the amount of tuition fee required from the native students. The
proportion is still greater in the Swiss universities of Basle, Berne,
Geneva, Lausanne, and Zurich, where they sometimes constitute
three-fourths of the entire student body in the medical schools (Geneva,
1907).

And as for the progress made by the Russo-Jewish woman, it is wonderful,
indeed. It is hardly a quarter of a century since attention began to be
given to her mental development, and yet she has seldom lagged behind
her sisters in more enlightened lands, and has lately attained to a
proud height. Vilna, with her "many well-educated wives," attracted the
attention of Montefiore in the early "forties"; Tarnopol speaks in terms
of high praise of the Jewish women of Odessa in the "sixties"; they
"charm by their culture, by the ease and precision with which they speak
several European languages, by the correctness of their judgment, and
the beauty of their conversation."[21] The memoirs of Madame Pauline
Wengeroff throw a sidelight also on the accomplishments of her sisters
in the less enlightened districts of Russian Jewry. But in the last
quarter of the nineteenth and the early part of the twentieth century,
their advance was prodigious.[22] When decent Jewish women were
prohibited to reside in St. Petersburg, some of the Jewish female
st