even ate ham.
Our venerable priest Bonapari ... is inventing all manner of means to
break his stiff-neckedness." Meassef, St. Petersburg, 1902, pp.
192-193.]

[Footnote 3: See Wolkonsky, Pictures of Russian History and Literature,
Boston, 1897, p. 136.]

[Footnote 4: Orshansky, in Yevreyskaya Biblyotyeka, ii. 207.]

[Footnote 5: Meassef, St. Petersburg, 1902, p. 195; Beck and Brann,
Yevreyskaya Istoriya, p. 326; JE, iv. 155; xi. 113.]

[Footnote 6: Meassef, p. 200. On Russia at the time of Peter the Great,
see Macaulay, History of England, ch. xxiii., where he describes the
"savage ignorance and the squalid poverty of the barbarous country." In
that country "there was neither literature nor science, neither school
nor college. It was not till more than a hundred years after the
invention of printing that a single printing-press had been introduced
into the Russian empire, and that printing-press speedily perished in a
fire, which was supposed to have been kindled by priests." When Pyoter
Vyeliki (Peter the Great), while in London, saw the archiepiscopal
library, he declared that "he had never imagined that there were so many
printed volumes in the world." See also Carlyle, History of Frederick
the Great, iv. 7.]

[Footnote 7: FKN, pp. 126-132; Voskhod, 1893; on the Hasidim and
Mitnaggedim see below.]

[Footnote 8: Ma'aseh Tobiah, p. 18; Meassef, pp. 206-209; Geiger (Melo
Hofnayim, Berlin, 1840, pp. 1-29) published Delmedigo's corroboration of
this statement.]

[Footnote 9: Rapoport, Etan ha-'Ezrahi, Ostrog, 1776, Introduction.]

[Footnote 10: Cf. Zederbaum, Keter Kehunnah, pp. 72-74, 84, 121, etc.,
and Ha-Shiloah, xxi. 165; Schechter, Studies in Judaism, i.,
Philadelphia, 1896, i. 17 f., and Greenstone, The Messiah Idea in Jewish
History, pp. 237 f. According to some, Judah he-Hasid and his followers
went to Palestine in the expectation, not of the Messiah, but of
Shabbatai Zebi, who was believed to have been in hiding for forty years,
in imitation of the retirement of Moses in Midian for a similar period
of years. "The ruins of Rabbi Judah he-Hasid's synagogue" and Yeshibah
in Jerusalem still keep the memory of the event fresh in the minds of
Palestinian Jews.]

[Footnote 11: Among the many wonderful episodes in the life of the
master, his biographer mentions also that he could swallow down the
largest gobletful in a single gulp (Shibhe ha-Besht, Berdichev, 1815,
pp. 7-8). The best, though not an impartial