the works referred to in the text.]

CHAPTER V

RUSSIFICATION, REFORMATION, AND ASSIMILATION

1856-1881

(pp. 222-267)

[Footnote 1: San Donato, The Jewish Question, St. Petersburg, 1883, p.
36.]

[Footnote 2: Ha-Meliz, 1888, nos. 95, 163; Gordon, Iggerot, Warsaw,
1894, ii., and Russky Vyestnik, 1858, i. 126.]

[Footnote 3: Scholz, Die Juden in Russland, Berlin, 1900, pp. 102-107;
Hessen, Galeriya, p. 23; Voskhod, 1881, v. 1893; viii; Russky Yevrey,
1882, i.]

[Footnote 4: Second Complete Russian Code, xxv, nos. 24, 768; xxvii.
nos. 26, 508.]

[Footnote 5: Voskhod, October, 1881; Chwolson, Die Blutanklage,
Frankfort-on-the-Main, 1901, p. 117.]

[Footnote 6: Zunser, Biography, p. 28.]

[Footnote 7: Kol Shire Mahallalel, i. 79-91.]

[Footnote 8: Kol Shire YeLeG, i. 43.]

[Footnote 9: Bramson, op. cit, pp. 52-54; Russky Yevrey, 1879, nos.
16-17.]

[Footnote 10: Rosenthal, Toledot Hebrat Marbe Haskalah, i. 3, 19, 103,
158-159; ii. Introduction.]

[Footnote 11: How happy the Maskilim of that time were to save their
fellows from the darkness of ignorance can be seen from the following
anecdote told by a Maskil in a retrospective mood (Ha-Shiloah, xvii.,
257-258): "Among the first of our young men to enter the gymnasium of my
native town of Mohilev were Ackselrod and the Leventhal brothers. The
former began to give instruction while he was still in the third grade
.... One morning he suddenly disappeared. After several days of anxious
search it was discovered that he had left on foot for Shklov, a distance
of about thirty vyersts, and while there he succeeded in persuading
fifteen boys to leave the yeshibah and come with him to Mohilev, where,
like a puissant warrior returning in triumph, he went with his little
army to the different homes to secure board and lodging for them while
they were being prepared for admission into the gymnasium."]

[Footnote 12: Op. cit., p. 35 (Engl. transl., p. 26).]

[Footnote 13: Op. cit., p. 9.]

[Footnote 14: Max Raisin, The Reform Movement, etc. (reprint from the
Year Book of the Central Conference of American Rabbis, xvi.),
Introduction.]

[Footnote 15: Odessky Yevrey, 1847 (Novaya Yevreyskaya Synagoga v
Odessa).]

[Footnote 16: Hessen, op. cit., p. 68; Voskhod, 1881, p. 132.]

[Footnote 17: Rosenthal, op. cit., p. 70; Gordon, Iggerot, nos. 60-62;
Ha-Meliz, xx, nos. 8, 11, 13.]

[Footnote 18: Voskhod, 1900, v.; Sefer ha-Shanah, ii. 288-290.]

[Footnote 1