9: Ha-Meliz, 1899, no. 39.]

[Footnote 20: Ben Sion, Yevrey Reformatory, St. Petersburg, 1882. In his
manifesto (Ha-Meliz, April 21, 1881) Gordon declared: "We have discarded
the dusty Talmud. We cannot rest satisfied, in questions of religion,
with the worm-eaten carcass, with the observances of rabbinical
Judaism." See Ha-Shiloah, ii. 53. See also Kahan, Meahore ha-Pargud
(reprint from Ha-Meliz, 1885), St. Petersburg, 1886.]

[Footnote 21: Prelooker, op. cit., pp. 24 f.; Voskhod, Feb. 3, 1886;
Razsvyet, 1881, no. 25.]

[Footnote 22: Duprey, Great Masters of Russian Literature (Engl. transl.
Dole, New York, 1886), p. 151.]

[Footnote 23: Rosenthal, op. cit, i. 66, 103, 158-159; Ha-Maggid, 1868,
p. 18. Cf. McClintock and Strong, Biblical, Theological and
Ecclesiastical Cyclopedia, New York, 1891, ii. 805. The beautiful
synagogue which the Jews began to erect in Moscow at the cost of half a
million rubles was declared by Pobyednostsev to be "too high and
imposing," and they were compelled to destroy the cupola and deform the
interior. Nevertheless it had to remain a "dead" synagogue, until
Nicholas II was pleased to give permission to open it.]

[Footnote 24: Shereshevsky, O Knigie Kahala, St. Petersburg, 1872;
Seiberling, Gegen Brafmann's Buch des Kahals, Vienna, 1881; Ha-Shahar,
iv. 621; xi. 242.]

[Footnote 25: Prelooker, Heroes and Heroines of Russia, London, p. 120;
Ha-Shiloah, xvii. 257-263.]

[Footnote 26: Zederbaum, 'Ayin Zofiyah, Warsaw, 1877, pp. 7-8;
Prelooker, Under the Czar, etc., pp. 8-21.]

[Footnote 27: It may not be superfluous to quote here the vivid picture
given of the period I am now describing by Eliakum Zunser in his
interesting autobiography; the more, as it is depicted very much in the
style of the Maskilim of to-day:

"It is an accepted law in hygiene that the digestive system must not be
overburdened at any one time by too much food, that eating must not be
done hastily, and, above all, great care must be taken to choose
wholesome and digestible food. These principles are still more important
to one who is hungry, who has abstained from food for any length of
time. He should select the healthy and light foods, and partake of
little at first until the powers of digestion are fully restored. Should
he neglect to observe these simple rules, he will ruin his digestive
system, the food will turn into poison, and he may contract a stubborn
disease which no physician will be able to cure.