erbaum, Kohelet, St. Petersburg, 1881.

*Zunser, Biography, Yiddish (and Engl. transl.), New York, 1905.

*Zunz, Aelteste Nachrichten ueber Juden und juedische Gelehrte in Polen,
Slavonien, Russland. Gesammelte Schriften, Berlin, 1875, iii. 82-87.

Zweifel, Sanegor, Warsaw, 1894.

*Zweifel, Shalom 'al Yisrael, Zhitomir, 1868-1872, 4 vols.

INDEX

Abele, Abraham, Talmudist, 164, 199.

_Abi'ezer_, by Guenzburg, 220.

Abraham, son of Elijah Gaon, 119.

Abramovich, Andrey, statesman, 22.

Abramovitsch, Solomon Jacob, novelist, 203.

Adelsohn, Wolf, "the Hebrew Diogenes," 200.

Aguilar, Grace, on Russo-Jewish misery, 154.

Ahiasaf Society, 296-297.

Aleksey (Abraham), proselyte-priest, 25.

Alexander I, during his period of tolerance, 111-113;
during his period of intolerance, 127-138, 140, 144, 163, 170, 192, 201,
249, 251, 253.

Alexander II, referred to, 11, 79, 261;
reign of reforms, 222-226;
favorable attitude towards Jews, 224-225, 229-231;
the Narodniki, 236;
change of policy, 248-255;
plotted against and assassinated, 255-258.

Alexander III, referred to, 80, 255;
restrictions, 268-270;
pogroms, 269;
"May Laws," 270-273;
Jews excluded from schools by, 273-275.

Alexander Jagellon and the Jews, 21.

Allgemeine juedische Arbeiterbund, Der, in Littauen, Polen, und Russland,
293.

Alliance Israelite Universelle, programme of, 236;
criticism of, 285-286.

Altaras, Jacques Isaac, philanthropist, 157.

America. See United States, the.

'Am 'Olam Society, 283.

Amsterdam, referred to, 22;
a place of refuge for Russo-Polish proselytes, 27;
elects Russo-Jewish rabbis, 33-34;
place of study, 81, 93, 109, 126, 165.

Antokolsky, Mark, sculptor, 241.

Anton, Carl, author, 64.

Apostol, Cossack hetman, 57.

Apotheker, Abraham Ashkenazi, author, 40.

Arbeiterstimme, Die, 293.

Aristotle, 50, 216, 297.

_Ascension of Elijah_, 134.

Ashkenazi, Meir, envoy of the Khan of the Tatars, 23.

Ashkenazi, Meir, rabbinical author, quoted, 31, 33.

Ashkenazi, Solomon, statesman, 23.

Assemblies, Jewish, under Alexander I, 117, 128;
under Nicholas I, 151, 173, 174-176;
in Vilna, 165;
under Alexander II, 230;
at Kattowitz, 285.

Auerbach, Berthold, on Maimon, 88.

Austria, Haskalah in, 12, 188;
influence on Russian Maskilim, 195;
place of study for Russian Jews, 285, 298.
See also Galicia.

_Auto-Emancipation_, 281-283.

_'Ayit Zab