him, II. i. II, and JE, s.v. Council,
Kahal, Lithuania, etc.]

[Footnote 39: See GMC, pp. 59 f., and compare with this Lermontoff's
Cossack Cradle-Song, which may be taken as a type:

Sleep, my child, my little darling, sleep, I sing to thee;
Silently the soft white moonbeams fall on thee and me.
I will tell thee fairy stories in my lullaby;
Sleep, my child, my pretty darling, sleep, I sing to thee.
Lo, I see the day approaching when the warriors meet;
Then wilt thou grasp thy rifle and mount thy charger fleet.
I will broider in thy saddle colors fair to see,
Sleep, my child, my little darling, sleep, I sing to thee.
Then my Cossack boy, my hero brave and proud and gay,
Waves one farewell to his mother and rides far away.
Oh, what sorrow, pain and anguish then my soul shall fill,
As I pray by day and night that God will keep thee still!
Thou shalt take a saint's pure image to the battlefield,
Look upon it when thou prayest, may it be thy shield.
And when battles fierce are raging, give one thought to me;
Sleep, my darling, calmly, sweetly, sleep, I sing to thee.

--Westminster Gazette.

See Guedemann, Quellen zur Geschichte des Unterrichts, Berlin, 1891, pp.
285-286; Ha-Boker Or, i. 315 (on Dubno); Ha-Meliz, 1894, no. 254 (on
Mohilev); Zunz, Gottesdienstliche Vortraege, pp. 122g and 470a; cf.
Weiss, Zikronotai, Warsaw, 1895, pp. 53-83.]

[Footnote 40: Cf. Guedemann, Geschichte des Erziehungswesens, iii. 94,
n., and see Dembitzer, Kelilat Yofi, Introduction, and Meassef, St.
Petersburg, 1902, p. 205, n.]

CHAPTER II

DAYS OF TRANSITION

1648-1794

(pp. 53-109)

[Footnote 1: JE, s.v. Bratzlav.]

[Footnote 2: In the diary of a Polish squire we find the following item:
"Jan. 5. As the lessee Herszka had not yet paid me the rental of 91
gulden, I went to his house to get my debt. According to the contract, I
can arrest him and his wife for as long as I wish, until he settles the
bill, and so I ordered him locked up in the pig-sty and left his wife
and his sons in the inn. The youngest son, however, I took with me to
the palace to be instructed in the rudiments of our religion. The boy is
unusually bright and shall be baptized. I already wrote to our priest
concerning it, and he promised to come to prepare him. Leisza at first
stubbornly refused to make the sign of the cross and repeat our prayers,
but Strelicki administered a sound whipping, and to-day he