(September, 1916) in the archives at Blumenau.]

[Footnote 29: The term "Stadtplatz" as used by the colonists designates
the seat or governmental center of a particular colony. Portuguese
"sede."]

[Footnote 30: So named in honor of the president of the state at the
time, Dr. Araujo Brusque.]

[Footnote 31: Information furnished by E. Bloch, _Engenheiro Chefe da
Estrada de Ferro Santa Catharina._]

[Footnote 32: Grossi, p. 162.]

[Footnote 33: _Cf._ Ludwig, p. 84.]

[Footnote 34: A particularly strong current of German settlers has in
recent years been moving into Ijuhy, mostly by indirect immigration.]

[Footnote 35: _Cf._ report of the inspector C. Lila da Silveira in
_Relatorio_.]

[Footnote 36: About equal to that of the United States without the
colonies and Alaska, but with the state of Texas doubled.]

[Footnote 37: The study of emigration reports in European archives does
not help us much because by no means did all persons listed as emigrants
for Brazil finally arrive in the latter country.]

[Footnote 38: In order to enable the reader to put a correct valuation
on the popular bugaboo, the "perigo allemao" (German peril), the
following facts are noted by way of comparison:

According to the statistics above referred to, the German immigrants
occupy fourth place in point of numbers for the period 1820-1915,
inclusive. They are superseded by:

a) Italians. First mentioned in the records 1836.
Total to 1862.................................... 209
Total to and including 1915...................... 1,348,777

b) Portuguese. First noted in 1837.
Total to and including 1915...................... 977,524

c) Spaniards. First noted 1841.
Total to 1868.................................... 274
Total to and including 1915...................... 470,107]

[Footnote 39: Dr. Ernst Wagemann, of the Kolonialinstitut, Hamburg,
recently estimated the German population of Espirito Santo at
20,000-30,000, according to statements by W. Muenzenthaler, German
Consular-General in Rio.]

[Footnote 40: The above estimates refer to conditions at the end of
1915. The estimate for the total population of the country for that year
was 23,000,000.]

=CHAPTER II.=

THE BRAZILIAN GERMAN DIALECT.

THE UNDERLYING BASIS AND REASONS FOR THE FORMATION OF THE DIALECT.

As may be inferred from chapter I, the German immigration into Brazil
antedat