, Santa Cruz and Sao
Lourenco.

The preceding statements are intended to present, as it were, the
background or basis on which the new dialect was developed. We now come
to the most potent influence in the formation of that dialect. It is the
Brazilian Portuguese, a language which has no connection with the
Germanic group. In this point, therefore, our case differs radically
from that of the student of the German dialects which have been
developed in North America.

The degree of linguistic influence exerted by the Brazilian Portuguese
on the High German or its various dialects as spoken by the immigrants
varies again according to the relative isolation of the settlements. We
have degrees ranging from that of the old settlements in the Santo Amaro
district of Sao Paulo,[42] where the German language has practically in
its entirety given way to the Brazilian Portuguese, to that of some of
the sections of the "municipios"[43] of Blumenau in Santa Catharina and
Sao Leopoldo in Rio Grande do Sul where a modified German has not only
held its own among the inhabitants of German extraction, but has also
become the language of parts of the Luso-Brazilian[44] and negro
elements as well.[45] About half way between these two extremes we might
range the case of Petropolis in Rio de Janeiro.

BRAZILIAN GERMAN WORD FORMS.

The following general principles are observed in connection with the
dialect which has been developed by the German element in Brazil.

Nouns form by far the greatest number of words taken over, followed next
in order by verbs, exclamatory words and phrases, adjectives and
adverbs. The last two appear relatively rarely.

OBSERVATIONS ON WORDS FROM THE BRAZILIAN PORTUGUESE.

I. Nouns.

A. Masculines.

1) In the case of masculines the vowel ending is as a rule dropped,
e.g.,

_Brazilian_ _Brazilian_
_Portuguese._ _German._ _English._

abatimento... abatiment... discount.
campo........ camp........ field, plain.
facao-....... fac......... hunting-knife.
intendente... intendent... administrator.
pasto........ past........ pasture.

2) The same holds for words of the following type where there have been
further orthographical changes with preserve, however, the same phonetic
values.

_Brazilian_ _Brazilian_
_Portuguese._ _German._ _English._

macaco....... makak....... monkey.
trapiche..... trapisch.... wareh