, Algeria, Tunis, and Tripoli.

_39_ 24 _Michel Cervantes:_ in 1575 Cervantes was captured by Barbary
pirates and carried to Algiers. His five years of slavery afforded him
materials for "Don Quixote" and other works; cf. note to _10_ 13.

_39_ 20 _sous le baton de:_ 'under the cudgel used upon.'

_39_ 26 _devait:_ cf. note to _18_ 2.

_40_ 1 _Saavedra:_ upon his return from Algiers in 1580 Cervantes assumed
the additional surname of _Saavedra_ from one of his ancestors, always
signing himself thenceforth _Cervantes Saavedra_.

_40_ 4 _dut tressaillir:_ 'must have leaped', cf. note to _2_ 10.

_40_ 14 _a peine Tartarin eut-il mis:_ cf. note to _5_ 32.

_40_ 17 _Arabes ... M'zabites:_ the aborigines of Algeria, three quarters
of the population even now, are the Berber race, including the Kabyles
(_19_ 14) in the north, the Mzabites, purest Berbers of all, in the south,
and the marauding Tuaregs (_11_ 6) in the Sahara. The Mzabites, the
heretical Puritans of Algerian Mohammedanism, are seen everywhere as
honest petty traders and workers in street industries. The Arab conquest
about 700 A.D. made Arabic the dominant language of all North Africa to
this day--an important fact to remember--and introduced the Arabs as a
permanent population along the north edge of the Sahara. The conquest by
Turkish pirates about 1500 A.D., with subordination to the Sultan of
Turkey till 1669, brought in very few Turks; the pirates were a mixture of
various Mohammedan nations with renegades from the Christian nations. The
"Moors" of to-day in Algeria are their descendants; the ancient Moors were
Berbers. During the centuries of pirate rule, and earlier, negroes were
brought in as slaves; Mohammedan custom favored setting them free in a few
years if they became Mohammedans. The overthrow of the pirates by the
French in 1830, and the French conquest during the next thirty years,
caused most of the few Turks to leave the country, and started an influx
of Europeans from the Mediterranean countries; Daudet notices especially
the Minorcans (_Mahonnais_ from the city of Port Mahon).

_40 22 _charabia:_ borrowed from the Spanish _algarabia_, which means
properly 'Arabic,' then, by extension, any unintelligible 'jargon.' The
French word is usually applied contemptuously to the dialect of Auvergne
(cf. note to _27_ 14).

_40_ 23 _invraisemblables:_ lit. 'unlike the truth,' 'improbable', then
'strange,' 'outlandish', of German _unwahrscheinlich