u Bonaventura_ (1862); F.
Nitzsch, art. in Herzog-Hauck, _Realencyk. fur prot. Theol._, where a
list of monographs is given, to which add one by De Chevance (1899).
(R. Ad.; X.)

BONCHAMPS, CHARLES MELCHIOR ARTUS, MARQUIS DE (c. 1760-1793), Vendean
leader, was born at Jouverteil, Anjou. He gained his first military
experience in the American War of Independence, and on his return to
France was made a captain of grenadiers in the French army. He was a
staunch upholder of the monarchy, and at the outbreak of the French
Revolution resigned his command and retired to his chateau at St
Florent. In the spring of 1793 he was chosen leader by the insurgents of
the Vendee, and to his counsels may be attributed in great measure the
success of the peasants' arms. He was present at the taking of
Bressuire, Thouars and Fontenay, at which last place he was wounded; but
dissensions among their leaders weakened the insurgents, and at the
bloody battle of Cholet (October 1793) the Vendeans sustained a severe
defeat and Bonchamps was mortally wounded. He died the next day. It is
said that his last act was the pardoning of five thousand republican
prisoners, whom his troops had sworn to kill in revenge for his death. A
statue of him by David d'Angers stands in the church of St Florent.

BOND, SIR EDWARD AUGUSTUS (1815-1898), English librarian, was born at
Hanwell on the 31st of December 1815, the son of a schoolmaster. He was
educated at Merchant Taylors' school, and in 1832 obtained a post in the
public record office. In 1838 he became an assistant in the manuscript
department of the British Museum, where he attracted the notice of his
chief, Sir Frederick Madden, the most eminent palaeographer of his day,
and in 1852 he was made Egerton librarian. In 1856 he became assistant
keeper of MSS., and in 1867 was promoted to the post of keeper. His work
in reorganizing the manuscript department was of lasting value, and to
him is due the classified catalogue of MSS., and the improved efficiency
and punctuality of publication of the department. In 1878 he was
appointed principal librarian. Under his supervision were erected the
new buildings of the "White Wing," which provide accommodation for
prints, drawings, manuscripts and newspapers, and the purchase of the
Stowe MSS. was concluded while he remained in office. He founded, in
conjunction with Sir E. Maunde Thompson, the Palaeographical Society,
and first made classic