storiarum Philippicarum epitoma de manuscriptis codicibus emendatior
et prologis auctior_ (Paris, 1581). He collected the works of several
French writers who as contemporaries described the crusades, and
published them under the title _Gesta Dei per Francos_ (Hanover, 1611).
Another collection made by Bongars is the _Rerum Hungaricarum scriptores
varii_ (Frankfort, 1600). His _Epistolae_ were published at Leiden in
1647, and a French translation at Paris in 1668-1670. Many of his papers
are preserved in the library at Bern, to which they were presented in
1632, and a list of them was made in 1634. Other papers and copies of
instructions are now in several libraries in Paris; and copies of other
instructions are in the British Museum.

See H. Hagen, _Jacobus Bongarsius_ (Bern, 1874); L. Anquez, _Henri IV
et l'Allemagne_ (Paris, 1887).

BONGHI, RUGGERO (1828-1895), Italian scholar, writer and politician, was
born at Naples on the 20th of March 1828. Exiled from Naples in
consequence of the movement of 1848, he took refuge in Tuscany, whence
he was compelled to flee to Turin on account of a pungent article
against the Bourbons. At Turin he resumed his philosophic studies and
his translation of Plato, but in 1858 refused a professorship of Greek
at Pavia, under the Austrian government, only to accept it in 1859 from
the Italian government after the liberation of Lombardy. In 1860, with
the Cavour party, he opposed the work of Garibaldi, Crispi and Bertani
at Naples, and became secretary of Luigi Carlo Farini during the
latter's lieutenancy, but in 1865 assumed contemporaneously the
editorship of the _Perseveranza_ of Milan and the chair of Latin
literature at Florence. Elected deputy in 1860 he became celebrated by
the biting wit of his speeches, while, as journalist, the acrimony of
his polemical writings made him a redoubtable adversary. Though an
ardent supporter of the historic Right, and, as such, entrusted by the
Lanza cabinet with the defence of the law of guarantees in 1870, he was
no respecter of persons, his caustic tongue sparing neither friend nor
foe. Appointed minister for public instruction in 1873, he, with
feverish activity, reformed the Italian educational system, suppressed
the privileges of the university of Naples, founded the Vittorio
Emanuele library in Rome, and prevented the establishment of a Catholic
university in the capital. Upon the fall of the Right from power in 1876
he joined th