was published in 1787, under the title,
_Philosophical and Critical Inquiries concerning Christianity_. See
also A. Lemoine, _Charles Bonnet_ (Paris, 1850); the duc de Caraman,
_Charles Bonnet, philosophe et naturaliste_ (Paris, 1859); Max Offner,
_Die Psychologie C. B._ (Leipzig, 1893); Joh. Speck, in _Arch. f.
Gesch. d. Philos._ x. (1897), xi. (1897), pp. 58 foll., xi. (1898) pp.
1-211; J. Trembley, _Vie privee et litteraire de C. B._ (Bern, 1794).

BONNET (from Lat. _bonetum_, a kind of stuff, then the cap made of this
stuff), originally a soft cap or covering for the head, the common term
in English till the end of the 17th century; this sense survives in
Scotland, especially as applied to the cap known as a "glengarry." The
"bonnet" of a ship's sail now means an additional piece laced on to the
bottom, but it seems to have formerly meant a piece laced to the top,
the term "to vail the bonnet" being found at the beginning of the 16th
century to mean "strike sail" (from the Fr. _avaler_), to let down. In
modern times "bonnet" has come to be used of a type of head-covering for
women, differentiated from "hat" by fitting closely to the head and
often having no brim, but varying considerably in shape according to the
period and fashion. The term, by a natural extension, is also applied to
certain protective devices, as in a steam-engine or safety-lamp, or in
slang use to a gambler's accomplice, a decoy.

BONNEVAL, CLAUDE ALEXANDRE, COMTE DE (1675-1747), French adventurer,
known also as AHMED PASHA, was the descendant of an old family of
Limousin. He was born on the 14th of July 1675, and at the age of
thirteen joined the Royal Marine Corps. After three years he entered the
army, in which he rose to the command of a regiment. He served in the
Italian campaigns under Catinat, Villeroi and Vendome, and in the
Netherlands under Luxemburg, giving proofs of indomitable courage and
great military ability. His insolent bearing towards the minister of war
was made matter for a court-martial (1704). He was condemned to death,
but saved himself by flight to Germany. Through the influence of Prince
Eugene he obtained a general's command in the Austrian army, and fought
with great bravery and distinction against France, and afterwards
against Turkey. He was present at Malplaquet, and was severely wounded
at Peterwardein. The proceedings against him in France were then allowed
to drop, and he visited Paris, an