made over by the congress of Vienna to Prussia. The
fortifications had been dismantled in 1717.

See F. Ritter, _Entstehung der drei altesten Stadte am Rhein: Koln,
Bonn und Mainz_ (Bonn, 1851); H. von Sybel, _Die Grundung der
Universitat Bonn_ (1868); and _Fuhrer von Hesse_ (10th ed., 1901).

BONNAT, LEON JOSEPH FLORENTIN (1833- ), French painter, was born at
Bayonne on the 20th of June 1833. He was educated in Spain, under
Madrazo at Madrid, and his long series of portraits shows the influence
of Velasquez and the Spanish realists. In 1869 he won a medal of honour
at Paris, where he became one of the leading artists of his day, and in
1888 he became professor of painting at the Ecole des Beaux Arts. In May
1905 he succeeded Paul Dubois as director. His vivid portrait-painting
is his most characteristic work, but his subject pictures, such as the
"Martyrdom of St Denis" in the Pantheon, are also famous.

BONNE-CARRERE, GUILLAUME DE (1754-1825), French diplomatist, was born at
Muret in Languedoc on the 13th of February 1754. He began his career in
the army, but soon entered the diplomatic service under Vergennes. A
friend of Mirabeau and of Dumouriez, he became very active at the
Revolution, and Dumouriez re-established for him the title of
director-general of the department of foreign affairs (March 1792). He
remained at the ministry, preserving the habits of the diplomacy of the
old regime, until December 1792, when he was sent to Belgium as agent of
the republic, but he was involved in the treason of Dumouriez and was
arrested on the 2nd of April 1793. To justify himself, he published an
account of his conduct from the beginning of the Revolution. He was
freed from prison in July 1794. Napoleon did not trust him, and gave him
only some unimportant missions. After 1815 Bonne-Carrere retired into
private life, directing a profitable business in public carriages
between Paris and Versailles.

BONNER, EDMUND (1500?-1569), bishop of London, was perhaps the natural
son of George Savage, rector of Davenham, Cheshire, by Elizabeth
Frodsham, who was afterwards married to Edmund Bonner, a sawyer of
Hanley in Worcestershire. This account, which was printed with many
circumstantial details by Strype (_Eccles. Mem._ III. i. 172-173), was
disputed by Strype's contemporary, Sir Edmund Lechmere, who asserted on
not very satisfactory evidence (_ib. Annals_, I. ii. 300)that Bonner was
of legitimate birth. H