to the latter on the 2nd of November 1389. In 1391
he canonized Birgitta of Sweden. He was able to restore Roman authority
in the major part of the papal states, and in 1398 put an end to the
republican liberties of the city itself. Boniface won Naples, which had
owed spiritual allegiance to the antipopes Clement VII. and Benedict
XIII. of Avignon, to the Roman obedience. In 1403 he ventured at last to
confirm the deposition of the emperor Wenceslaus and the election of
Rupert. Negotiations for the healing of the Great Schism were without
result. In spite of his inferior education, the contemporaries of
Boniface trusted his prudence and moral character; yet when in financial
straits he sold offices, and in 1399 transformed the annates into a
permanent tax. In 1390 he celebrated the regular jubilee, but a rather
informal one held in 1400 proved more profitable. Though probably not
personally avaricious, he was justly accused of nepotism. He died on the
1st of October 1404, being still under sixty years of age.
(W. W. R.*)

BONIFACE OF SAVOY (d. 1270), archbishop of Canterbury, became primate in
1243, through the favour of Henry III., of whose queen, Eleanor of
Provence, he was an uncle. Boniface, though a man of violent temper and
too often absent from his see, showed some sympathy with the reforming
party in the English church. Though in 1250 he provoked the English
bishops by claiming the right of visitation in their dioceses, he took
the lead at the council of Merton (1258) in vindicating the privileges
of his order. In the barons' war he took the royalist side, but did not
distinguish himself by great activity.

See Matthew Paris, _Chronica Majora_; Francois Mugnier, _Les Savoyards
en Angleterre_ (Chambery, 1890).

BONIFACIO, a maritime town at the southern extremity of Corsica, in the
arrondissement of Sartene, 87 m. S.S.E. of Ajaccio by road. Pop. (1906)
2940. Bonifacio, which overlooks the straits of that name separating
Corsica from Sardinia, occupies a remarkable situation on the summit of
a peninsula of white calcareous rock, extending parallel to the coast
and enclosing a narrow and secure harbour. Below the town and in the
cliffs facing it the rock is hollowed into caverns accessible only by
boat. St Dominic, a church built in the 13th century by the Templars,
and the cathedral of Santa Maria Maggiore which belongs mainly to the
12th century, are the chief buildings. The fortifications