tiful miniature pieces of
much larger size than had been attempted before in England; among these
his eighty-five portraits of the time of Queen Elizabeth, of different
sizes, from 5 by 4 to 13 by 8 in. are most admired. They were disposed
of by public sale after his death. His Bacchus and Ariadne, after
Titian, painted on a plate, brought the great price of 2200 guineas.

BONE (a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages, in many of
which it is confined to the shank of the leg, as in the German _Bein_),
the hard tissue constituting the framework of the animal skeleton. For
anatomy see SKELETON and CONNECTIVE TISSUES.

BONE DISEASES AND INJURIES.--The more specific diseases affecting the
bones of the human body are treated under separate headings; in this
article _inflammation of bone_ and _fractures_ are dealt with.

Ostitis.

_Ostitis_ ([Greek: osteon], bone), or inflammation of bone, may be acute
or chronic. _Acute ostitis_ is one of the most serious diseases which
can be met with in young people. It is due to the cultivation of
virulent germs in the delicate growing tissue of the bone and in the
marrow. Another name for it is _septic osteomyelitis_, which has the
advantage of expressing the cause as well as the exact seat ([Greek:
myelos], marrow) of the inflammation. The name of the micro-organism
causing the inflammation is _Staphylococcus pyogenes aureus_, which
means that the germs collect in clusters like grapes, that they are of
the virulent pus-producing kind, and that they have a yellow tinge. As a
rule, the germs find their way to the bone by the blood-stream, which
they have entered through the membrane lining the mouth or gullet, or
some other part of the alimentary canal. In the pre-antiseptic days they
often entered the sawn bone during the amputation of a limb, and were
not infrequently the cause of blood-poisoning and death. When the
individual is well and strong, and there has been no hurt, strain or
accident to lower the power of resistance of the bone, the staphylococci
may circulate harmlessly in the blood, until they are gradually eaten up
by the white corpuscles; but if a bone has been injured it offers a
likely and attractive focus to the wandering germs.

The disease is infective. That is to say, the micro-organisms having
begun to germinate in the damaged bone find their way by the
blood-stream into other tissues, and developing after their kind, are
apt to cause blood