the verb to lead; and
sometimes Shore (Chapter XII), which was my grandfather's
pronunciation of sewer. From weir, lit. a protection, precaution,
cognate with beware and Ger. wehren, to protect, we have not only
Weir, but also Ware, Warr, Wear, and the more pretentious Delawarr.
The latter name passed from an Earl Delawarr to a region in North
America, and thus to Fenimore Cooper's noble red men. But this group
of names must sometimes be referred to the Domesday wars, an outlying
potion of a manor. Lock is more often a land name, to be classed with
Hatch (Chapter XIII), but was also used of a water-gate. Key was once
the usual spelling of quay. The curious name Keylock is a perversion
of Kellogg, Mid. Eng. Kill-hog. Port seldom belongs here, as the Mid.
English is almost always de la Porte, i.e. Gates. From well we have a
very large number of compounds, e.g. Cauldwell (cold), Halliwell, the
variants of which, Holliwell, Hollowell, probably all represent Mid.
Eng. hali, holy. Here belongs also Winch, from the device used for
drawing water from deep wells.

BUILDINGS

The greater number of the words to be dealt with under this heading
enter into the composition of specific place-names. A considerable
number of surnames are derived from the names of religious buildings,
usually from proximity rather than actual habitation. Such names are
naturally of Greco-Latin origin, and were either introduced directly
into Anglo-Saxon by the missionaries, or were adopted later in a
French form after the Conquest. It has already been noted (Chapter I)
that Abbey is not always what it seems; but in some cases it is local,
from Fr, abbaye, of which the Provencal form Abadie was introduced by
the Huguenots. We find much earlier Abdy, taken straight from the
Greco-Lat. abbatia. The famous name Chantrey is for chantry, Armitage
was once the regular pronunciation of Hermitage, and Chappell a common
spelling of Chapel--

"Also if you finde not the word you seeke for presently after one sort
of spelling, condemne me not forthwith, but consider how it is used to
be spelled, whether with double or single letters, as Chappell, or
Chapell" (Holyoak, Latin Dict., 1612).

We have also the Norman form Capel, but this may be a nickname from
Mid. Eng. capel, nag--

"Why nadstow (hast thou not) pit the capul in the lathe (barn)?" (A,
4088.)

A Galilee was a chapel or porch devoted to special purposes--

"Those they pursued ha