gewagen
heben (older heven),
_to raise_ huop huoben gehaben
swern (see Sec. 35),
_to swear_ swuor swuoren geswarn}
gesworn}

The pret. singular {stuont}, {entsuop}, {gewuoc}, {huop} for {*stuot}
(cp. Engl. {stood}), {*entsuof}, {*gewuoch}, {*huof} were formed after
the analogy of the pret. plural. On the {b, g} in the pret. plural, see
Sec. 30. The last four verbs in the list originally had a {j} in the
present, which accounts for the umlaut, cp. OHG. {heffen}, Goth.
{hafjan}, _to raise_. {heben} had its {b} from forms where it was
regular.

CLASS VII.

Sec. 87.

To this class belong the verbs which originally had reduplicated
preterites. The present and past participle have the same stem-vowel;
and the preterite singular and plural have {ie}. In OHG. the verbs which
had {a, [a]} or {ei} in the present had {ia} (older {ea, [e]}) in the
preterite; and those which had {ou ([o])}, {uo} in the present had {io}
(older {eo}) in the preterite. But in MHG. the {ia} and {io} regularly
fell together in {ie} (Sec. 11, 3), so that all the preterites had {ie}.

bannen, _to banish_ bien bienen gebannen
halten, _to hold_ hielt hielten gehalten
sl[a]fen, _to sleep_ slief sliefen gesl[a]fen
hei[z]en, _to call_ hie[z] hie[z]en gehei[z]n
loufen, _to run_ lief liefen geloufen
ruofen, _to call_ rief riefen geruofen

And similarly {halsen}, _to embrace_, {salzen}, _to salt_, {spalten},
_to split_, {spannen}, _to span_, {vallen}, _to fall_, {valten}, _to
fold_, {wallen}, _to bubble_; {b[a]gen}, _to quarrel_, {bl[a]sen}, _to
blow_, {br[a]ten}, _to roast_, {l[a][z]en} (see also Sec. 99), _to let_,
_leave_, {r[a]ten}, _to advise_; {mei[z]en}, _to cut_, {scheiden}, _to
separate_, {sweifen}, _to rove_; {b[o][z]en}, _to strike_, {st[o][z]en},
_to push_, {houwen} (pret. {hiu} and {hie}, pl. {hiuwen}, {hiewen}),
_to hew_, {wuofen}, _to bewail_.

g[a]n, g[e]n, _to go_ gienc (gie) giengen (ge)gangen
h[a]hen (Sec. 29) }
h[a]n (Sec. 38) }, _to hang_ hienc (hie) hiengen gehangen
v[a]hen (Sec. 29) }
v[a]n (Sec. 38) }, _to catch_ vienc (vie) viengen gevangen
erren, ern, _to plough_ ier ieren gearn

On the interchange between {h} and {ng}, see Sec. 30; {erren}, {ern} from
older {*arjan}.

B. WEAK VERBS.

Sec. 88.