ia.

[8] Of the Manguianes, or more properly the Mangyan, Pardo de Tavera
says in Etimologia de las nombres de razas de Filipinas (Manila,
1901): "In Tagalog, Bicol, and Visaya, manguian signifies 'savage,'
'mountaineer,' 'pagan negroes.' It may be that the use of this word
is applicable to a great number of Filipinos, but nevertheless it
has been applied only to certain inhabitants of Mindoro. In primitive
times, without doubt, the name was even then given to those of that
island who to-day bear it, but its employment in three Filipino
languages shows that the radical ngian had in all these languages
a sense to-day forgotten. In Pampango this radical ending still
exists and signifies 'ancient,' from which we can deduce that the
name was applied to men considered to be the ancient inhabitants,
and that these men were pushed back into the interior by the modern
invaders in whose languages they are called the 'ancients.'" They
live in the mountains of Mindoro and are probably a mixture of the
Negritos with other Filipinos, and possibly in some localities there
may be a small infusion of white blood. They are non-Christian,
and are very timid. Their dress consists of the "gee" string, with
the addition, in the case of the younger girls, of some forty or
eighty yards of bejuco (rattan) wrapped around the waist. They are
divided into several tribes, chief among which are the "Buquit,"
"Bangon," and "Batanganes," who roam in bunches or by families, the
oldest acting as chief. They are willing workers, and make nearly
all the bancas used in the province. They have no knowledge whatever
of agriculture, and do not know the value of money. The census of
1903 shows a population of 7,269. See Census of the Philippines, i,
pp. 472, 473, 547, and 548; and ii, p. 15.

[9] The Chinese carried on a fairly active trade in the Philippines
three centuries before Magellan's discovery of the archipelago. The
articles traded by them for the products of the country consisted of
pottery, lead, glass beads, iron cooking-pans, and iron needles. Some
of them may have gone north above Manila. See Census of Philippines,
i, p. 482.

[10] See David P. Barrows "History of the Population of the
Philippines," published in vol. 1, of Census of Philippines, for
valuable material in regard to the peopling of the Philippines. See
also Crawfurd's Dictionary.

[11] Diodorus, surnamed Siculus, or "the Sicilian," was a Greek
historian, a native of Agyrion,