s and balaraos
are also poisoned. They also use darts made of steel, iron, bone,
palm-wood and bamboo. For defense they construct traps, dig pits,
and set bamboo points. They use also various kinds of lantacas and
other kinds of firearms, with which the Chinese supply them, or which
they manufacture themselves. These were considered contraband of war
during the Spanish regime. (Pastells and Retana's Combes, col. 782.)

[83] Juan Jose Delgado was a native of Cadiz; the time of his birth is
not known. In 1711 he left Spain for Filipinas, and perhaps remained
for some time in Mexico: it is probable that he reached Filipinas
as early as 1717. He seems to have spent most of his life in the
Visayan Islands--Samar, Cebu, Leyte, etc.--but to have visited most
of the peoples in the archipelago at some time or other. His Historia
was written during the years 1751-54; the date of his death is not
known. See sketch of his life in the Historia (Manila, 1892), pp. x-xi.

[84] Mas used the MS. of the Museo-Biblioteca de Ultramar, which is
wrongly dated. See post, pp. 278-280. Of the letter itself he says (i,
"Poblacion" p. 63): "These paragraphs and other ancient documents
will show us ... how little the individuals who now occupy us have
changed since that time."

[85] For instance, Mas says (p. 63): "Here follows what the author of
the celebrated work on the Philippines, called Cronicas franciscanas
[referring to San Antonio's Chronicas] says: 'The very reverend father,
Fray Gaspar de San Agustin, an Augustinian from Madrid,'" etc. Bowring
makes this: "Among the most celebrated books on the Philippines are the
'Cronicas Franciscanas' by Fr. Gaspar de San Agustin, an Augustine
monk of Madrid;" and following gives the impression that he makes
the selections directly from San Agustin--a ridiculous error.

In regard to the word "monk" used by Bowring, that author is again in
error, technically at least, an error that is quite often met with
in many works. As pointed out by Rev. T. C. Middleton, O.S.A., in a
letter dated December 8, 1902, the only regulars in the Philippines
who could rightfully be styled "monks" were the Benedictines. The
members of the other orders are "friars," the equivalent of the Spanish
"frailes." The monks are strictly cloistered. The friars appeared first
in the thirteenth century, and do not live a strictly cloistered life.

[86] M. reads on the outside wrapper: "Letter by Fray Gaspar de San
Agustin;" and