archbishop after the death of the latter. See Ferrando's
Historia de los PP. Dominicos, vi, p. cxlvii; and our Vol. XXXIX,
"The Pardo Controversy."

[149] Don Fernando Valenzuela, a grandee of Spain, marquis of San
Bartolome de los Pinales and of Villasierra, chief master of the horse,
gentleman of the chamber, etc., the favorite of the mother of Carlos
II of Spain, Mariana of Austria (with whom his connection was said to
be dishonorable), was, as a youth, page to the Duke of Infantado. He
went to Rome with the duke, who was appointed ambassador to the papal
court. On his return he gained the favor of the queen's confessor
the German Jesuit Nitard, who introduced him into court circles. His
rise to favor was rapid, for he was talented and handsome. After the
downfall of Nitard, he gained entire ascendancy over the weak queen,
who showered honors upon him. Finally he was exiled to the Philippines
(1670), through the efforts of Don Juan of Austria, uncle of the king,
and was imprisoned in the fort of Cavite where he landed March 29,
1679. On the death of Don Juan, the first act of the queen was to
have Valenzuela freed from his exile, and a special ship was sent
to the Philippines to take him to Spain. It is reported, however,
that he died in Mexico, while on his way to Spain, from the kick of
a horse. He built the bridge over the Manzanares at Toledo, at the
cost of one million ducats. See Harrison's History of Spain (Boston,
1881); Montero y Vidal, i, p. 364; and Concepcion, Hist. de Philipinas,
vii, pp. 349-364. A document in Ventura del Arco's MS. collection
(vol. iii)--which is a compilation from original documents in the Real
Academia de la Historia, Madrid--gives an account of the reception
accorded to Valenzuela on his arrival at the Philippines, and some
details of his life there.

[150] M. reads "rice in the husk."

[151] M. and D. add "pesos."

[152] Delgado says (p. 308): "If they had as much understanding as the
reverend father, they would not do it." The cases cited prove nothing
general, since they are only particular cases. "But it must be borne
in mind that all the Indians of these islands are very poor, and dress
very poorly and live meanly; and when they see that the Spaniards,
and especially these bishops and marquises, bear themselves with so
great ostentation, and are so free and magnanimous and liberal, as
their nobility demands, some Indians of little capacity are emboldened
to beg from them