t the Spaniards were eating fire when they smoked, and the hard
white sea-biscuits they imagined to be stones. The noise of the
artillery they took to be thunder, and the sword with which each one
was girt, they thought to be a tail.

[43] The term "Malanao" is derived from "ma," "people of" and "lanao,"
"lake," and has long been used to distinguish the Moros living on
the watershed of Lake Lanao. See Census of the Philippines, i, p. 473.

[44] In 1596, Fathers Valerio de Ledesma and Manuel Martinez first
established the mission of the River of Butuan. That same year,
there not being as yet any division into bishoprics, the Manila
ecclesiastical cabildo (as the see was vacant), gave Mindanao into the
formal possession of the Society of Jesus, an act that was confirmed
by Francisco Tello, as viceroyal patron. Later, the question of
the jurisdiction about Lake Malanao was argued in court between the
Jesuits and Recollects, and was decided in favor of the former by
Juan Nino de Tabora, a sentence confirmed by Corcuera September 5,
1637. (Pastells and Retana's Combes, cols. 655, 656.)

[45] The bay of Panguil or Pangil takes its name from a fruit, pangi
(Hidnocarpus polyandra--Bl.), which is carried down to the coast by
the rivers. (Pastells and Retana's Combes, col. 759.)

[46] The Manobos are a Malay head-hunting heathen tribe of northern
Mindanao who live in the interior about the watershed of the Agusan
River. "Manobo" is a native word, which, in the Bagobo language of
the gulf of Davao, means "man." Blumentritt (with whom Retana agrees)
says that the correct form of the name is "Manuba" or "Man-Suba," i.e.,
"river-people." The term might possibly be extended to the mountain
people of Misamis province. See Census of the Philippines, i, pp. 461,
473; Blumentritt's Tribes of the Philippines (Mason's translation);
and Pastells and Retana's Combes, col. 780.

[47] Blumentritt (Tribes of the Philippines, Mason's translation) says
of the Mananapes: "A heathen people alleged to dwell in the interior
of Mindanao, possibly a tribe of Buquidnones or Manobos." Retana
(Pastells and Retana's Combes, col. 780) says that the appellation is
equivalent to "Manap," and is not the name of a tribe, but merely a
nickname to indicate that those bearing that name are wild like beasts.

[48] Retana (Pastells and Retana's Combes, col. 780), derives
"Sameacas" from "Sumasacas," a word which he says is equivalent to
the Visayan "tagasaca,"