us
that an attempt to enforce them resulted in an insurrection in Peru
under Gonzalo Pizarro, for an account of which see Pedro Gutierrez
de Santa Clara's Historia de las guerras civiles del Peru, 1544-1548
(Madrid, 1904-05). He finally returned to Spain for the last time,
and died after a few years in the Dominican convent of Valladolid. His
writings are many, and important. The reference in the text may be
to his Brevissima relacion de la destruycion de las Indias (Sevilla,
1552); or to his Historia general de las Indias, which existed only
in MS., until 1875.

[105] See Vol. XXIX, p. 189, note 42. San Agustin probably refers to
his Virtudes del Indio (1650?). Palafox left many writings, a number
of which are of a controversial nature.

[106] In D., "taught."

[107] In D., "collect."

[108] M. and D. call these last two peoples the "Mogores" and the
"Camarines."

[109] Baltasar Gracian was born in Calatayud, Aragon, in 1601,
and entered the Society of Jesus in 1619. He taught belles-lettres,
philosophy, moral theology, and the Holy Scriptures, and preached for
several years. He was rector of the college at Taragona, Catalonia,
where he died December 6, 1658. His first book, El Heroe, appeared in
1630. The most famous of his numerous works was his Criticon, which
is probably the book referred to in the text. It is a sort of satire
on the vices and customs of the times; and in places reminds one of
Pilgrim's Progress. It was published in three parts, the first in 1650
at Madrid, and the other two at Huesca, in 1653. Most of his works were
published under his brother Lorenzo's name. His talent in writing is
vitiated by his affectation and other faults. See Ticknor's History
of Spanish Literature (New York, 1854); Sommervogel's Bibliotheque;
Moreri's Dictionaire, iv, p. 174; and Hoefer's Nouvelle biographie
generale, xxi, cols. 570, 571.

[110] M. and D. add "For most of the defects and vices of these
Indians are common, on account of the," and continue as above.

[111] This passage is badly confused in the three copies. The
transcriber of M. has wrongly made the viviendo acephalos of the Ayer
copy, bebiendo a sed [i.e., drinking when thirsty?] which hardly makes
sense. That MS. continues, "and in confused anarchy," which is better
than the Ayer reading. D. reads "Who besides having been living as
the greatest barbarians, leaderless, and in confused anarchy."

[112] Both M. and D. omit the passage referring to