aga nation is no longer known." It is
quite probable that the term Caragas was only a local name applied
by the people of this district to themselves or applied to them by
the Spaniards; and if they ever did exist as a separate people they
have been completely absorbed by the surrounding peoples.

[31] The Mindanaos (properly Maguindanaos, "people who come from the
lake") are mentioned by Pigafetta (Vol. XXXIII, p. 239); they live
now, as formerly, principally about the Rio Grande, and they gave
name to the island of Mindanao. They are Mahometan Moros and were the
chief obstacle of the Spaniards in Mindanao, but were finally brought
under control by General Weyler, and their power and importance is
now almost gone. Their political achievements are the only ones of
consequence ever made by peoples of the Philippines. See Census of
Philippine Islands, i, pp. 466-467.

[32] Blumentritt (Tribes of the Philippines) identities the Lutaos
with the Mono of the district of Zamboanga, who are frequently called
Ilanos, and adds that the name appears to be the Hispanicized form
of the Malay Orang-Laut ("Men of the Sea"). The description given
by Combes fits rather the Orang-Laut themselves than the Ilanos, who
live along the seacoast west of Malabang, and are few in number. The
Orang-Laut, called also "Sea Gypsies," "Bajau" and "Samal-Laut"
("Samal of the Sea") are found throughout the Malay Archipelago
(in the Philippines along southern Mindanao and throughout the Sulu
Archipelago), and live for mouths in their small boats. Their original
home was Johore and the islands in the strait of Malacca; and they are
only imperfectly Mahometanized, some being quite pagans. The Samal
living in towns in Zamboanga and the Sulu Archipelago are probably
descendants of the Samal-Laut who have abandoned their wandering
life. See Census of the Philippines, i, pp. 464, 475, 476, 563.

[33] The Subanon (Spanish form "Subanos"), or "Men of the Rivers"
are an important pagan tribe of western Mindanao, who are found in the
mountains of Zamboanga, and extending eastward slightly into Cottabato,
Misamis, and Dapitan. For a modern description that agrees essentially
with that of Combes, see Census of the Philippines, i, pp. 552-560.

[34] Spanish, redentor; in religious orders, the father appointed
to attend to the ransoming and return of Christians held captive by
Mahometan enemies.

[35] Antonio de Abarca, S.J., was born in Villalba in the diocese