ER, ANGE ELISABETH LOUIS ANTOINE (1749-1799), French diplomatist,
was a member of the Legislative Assembly and of the Convention, where he
voted with the majority. During the Directory he was charged with
diplomatic missions, first to Lille and then to the congress of Rastadt
(October 1797), where the negotiations dragged wearily along and were
finally broken. On the 28th of April 1799 the plenipotentiaries on
leaving Rastadt were assailed at the gates of the town by Hungarian
hussars, probably charged to secure their papers. Bonnier and one of his
colleagues, Claude Roberjot, were killed. The other, Jean Debry, was
wounded.

See Huefer, _Der Rastadtergesandtenmord_ (Bonn, 1896).

BONNIVET, GUILLAUME GOUFFIER, SEIGNEUR DE (c. 1488-1525), French
soldier, was the younger brother of Artus Gouffier, seigneur de Boisy,
tutor of Francis I. of France. Bonnivet was brought up with Francis, and
after the young king's accession he became one of the most powerful of
the royal favourites. In 1515 he was made admiral of France. In the
imperial election of 1519 he superintended the candidature of Francis,
and spent vast sums of money in his efforts to secure the votes of the
electors, but without success. He was the implacable enemy of the
constable de Bourbon and contributed to his downfall. In command of the
army of Navarre in 1521, he occupied Fuenterrabia and was probably
responsible for its non-restoration and for the consequent renewal of
hostilities. He succeeded Marshal Lautrec in 1523 in the command of the
army of Italy and entered the Milanese, but was defeated and forced to
effect a disastrous retreat, in which the chevalier Bayard perished. He
was one of the principal commanders of the army which Francis led into
Italy at the end of 1524, and died at the battle of Pavia on the 24th of
February 1525. Brantome says that it was at Bonnivet's suggestion that
the battle of Pavia was fought, and that, seeing the disaster he had
caused, he courted and found death heroically in the fight. In spite of
his failures as a general and diplomatist, his handsome face and
brilliant wit enabled him to retain throughout his life the intimacy and
confidence of his king. He was a man of licentious life. According to
Brantome he was the successful rival of the king for the favours of
Madame de Chateaubriand, and if we may believe him to have been--as is
very probable--the hero of the fourth story of the _Heptameron_,
Marguerite d'Ang