ll of a Sikh chieftain of a type now departed. His
son, Maharaja Ripudaman Singh, succeeded in 1911.

[Illustration: Fig. 118. Maharaja Sir
Hira Singh.]

2. _Other Sikh States_

[Sidenote: Area, 630 sq. m.
Cultd area,
424 sq. m.
Pop. 268,163.
Rev.
Rs. 14,00,000
= L93,333,
exclusive of
Rs. 13,00,000
= L86,666
derived from the
Oudh estates.]

~Kapurthala.~--The main part consists of a strip of territory mostly in
the valley of the Bias, and interposed between that river and Jalandhar.
This is divided into the four _tahsils_ of Bholath, Dhilwan, Kapurthala,
and Sultanpur. There is a small island of territory in Hoshyarpur, and a
much larger one, the Phagwara _tahsil_, projecting southwards from the
border of that district into Jalandhar. Two-thirds of the area is
cultivated and the proportion of high-class crops is large. The chief
agricultural tribes are the Muhammadan Arains and the Jats, most of whom
are Sikhs.

The real founder of the Kapurthala house was Sardar Jassa Singh
Ahluwalia, who in 1763, when Sirhind fell, was the leading Sikh chief in
the Panjab. He captured Kapurthala in 1771 and made it his headquarters,
and died in 1783. A distant relative, Bagh Singh, succeeded. His
successor, Fateh Singh, was a sworn brother of Ranjit Singh, with whom
he exchanged turbans. But an alliance between the weak and the strong is
not free from fears, and in 1826 Fateh Singh, who had large possessions
south of the Sutlej, fled thither and asked the protection of the
British Government. He returned however to Kapurthala in 1827, and the
Maharaja never pushed matters with Fateh Singh to extremities. The
latter died in 1836. His successor, Nihal Singh, was a timid man, and
his failure to support the British in 1845 led to the loss of his
Cis-Sutlej estates. In 1849 he took the English side and was given the
title of Raja. Randhir Singh succeeded in 1852. His conspicuous services
in the Mutiny were rewarded with the grant of estates in Oudh. The
present Maharaja, Sir Jagatjit Singh Bahadur, G.C.S.I., is a grandson of
Randhir Singh. He was a young child when he succeeded in 1877. The State
maintains a battalion of infantry for imperial service.

[Illustration: Fig. 119. Maharaja Sir Jagatjit Singh Bahadur, G.C.S.I.]

[Sidenote: Area, 642 sq. m.
Pop. 130,925.
Rev.
Rs. 11,50,000
= L76,666.]

[Illustration: Fig. 120. Raja Brijindar Singh.]

~Faridkot~ is a small wedge of territory which almost
divides the Fero