ight, and finally
after its junction with the Dor flows round the north of the Gandgarh
Range and joins the Indus below Torbela. The bare Gandgarh Hills run
south from Torbela parallel with the Indus. The Dor rises in the hills
to the south of Abbottabad and drains the Haripur plain. A range of
rough hills divides the Dor valley from that of the Haro, which again is
separated from Rawalpindi by the Khanpur Range. To the west of the Siran
the Unhar flows through Agror and Feudal Tanawal, and joins the Indus a
little above Amb. Irrigation cuts are taken from all these streams, and
the irrigated cultivation is often of a very high character. The best
cultivation of the district is in the Haripur plain and the much smaller
Orash and Pakhli plains and in the Haro valley. There is much
unirrigated cultivation in the first, and it is generally secure except
in the dry tract in the south-west traversed by the new railway from
Sarai Kala. The little Orash plain below Abbottabad is famous for its
maize and the Pakhli plain for its rice.

Feudal Tanawal is a very rough hilly country between the Siran on the
east and the Black Mountain and the river Indus on the west. It is the
appanage of the Khans of Amb and Phulra.

North of Feudal Tanawal is Agror. In 1891 the rights of the last Khan
were declared forfeit for abetment of raids by trans-bordermen.

There are fine forests in Hazara, but unfortunately the _deodar_ is
confined to the Kagan Glen and the Upper Siran. Nathiagali, the summer
headquarters of the Chief Commissioner, is in the Dungagali Range. The
Serai Kala-Srinagar railway will run through Hazara. There is a good
mule road from Murree to Abbottabad through the Galis.

2. _Tribal Territory_

[Illustration: Fig. 133. Sir George Roos Keppel.]

Feudal Tanawal mentioned above occupies the southern corner of the tract
of independent tribal territory lying between the Hazara border and the
Indus. North of Tanawal on the left bank of the river a long narrow
chain known as the Black Mountain rises in its highest peaks to a height
of nearly 10,000 feet. The western slopes are occupied by Hasanzais,
Akazais, and Chagarzais, who are Pathans belonging to the great
Yusafzai clan, and these three sections also own lands on the right bank
of the Indus. They have been very troublesome neighbours to the British
Government. The eastern slopes of the Black Mountain are occupied by
Saiyyids and Swatis, and the latter also hold the g