The two places are now connected by a railway which passes through the
district headquarters at Kohat close to the northern border. There are
three _tahsils_, Kohat, Hangu, and Teri, the last a wild tract of bare
hills and ravines occupying the south of the district and covering more
than half its area. Two small streams, the Kohat Toi and the Teri Toi,
drain into the Indus. The rainfall is fair, but very capricious. The
cold weather lasts long and the chill winds that blow during part of it
are very trying. The chief tribes are the Bangash Pathans of Hangu and
the Khattak Pathans of Teri. The Khan of Teri is head of the Khattaks, a
manly race which sends many soldiers to our army. He enjoys the revenue
of the _tahsil_ subject to a quit rent of Rs. 20,000.

~Hangu~ contains in Upper and Lower Miranzai the most fertile land in
the district, but the culturable area of the _tahsil_ is small and only
one-tenth of it is under the plough. Perennial streams run through the
Miranzai valleys, and the neighbouring hills support large flocks of
sheep and goats. Kohat contains a number of salt quarries, the most
important being at Bahadur Khel near the Bannu border. The Thal
subdivision consisting of the Hangu _tahsil_ is in charge of an
Assistant Commissioner who manages our political relations with
transfrontier tribes living west of Fort Lockhart on the Samana Range.
The Deputy Commissioner is in direct charge of the Pass Afridis and the
Jowakis and Orakzais in the neighbourhood of Kohat. He and his Assistant
between them look after our relations with 144,000 trans-border Pathans.
The Samana Rifles, one of the useful irregular corps which keep the
peace of the Borderland, have their headquarters at Hangu.

[Illustration: Fig. 130.]

[Illustration: Fig. 131.]

[Sidenote: Area, 2611 sq. m.
Cultd area,
1398 sq. m.
Pop. 865,000
Land Rev
Rs. 11,37,504
= L75,834.]

~Peshawar~ is a large basin encircled by hills. The gorge of the Indus
separates it from Attock and Hazara. The basin is drained by the Kabul
river, whose chief affluents in Peshawar are the Swat and the Bara. The
district is divided into the five _tahsils_ of Peshawar, Charsadda,
Naushahra, Mardan, and Swabi. The last two form the Mardan subdivision.
Nearly 40 p.c. of the cultivation is protected by irrigation mainly from
canals large and small. The most important are the Lower Swat, the Kabul
River, and the Bara River, Canals. The irrigated area will soon be muc