f the pres.
indicative, when possible, in the second pers. singular of the pret.
indicative, and in the pret. subjunctive. The second pers. singular
of the pret. indicative always has the same stem-vowel as the pret.
subjunctive. On the absence of umlaut in the pret. subjunctive of
certain types of verbs, see Sec. 10, note. Forms without and with umlaut
are found in the second and third pers. singular of the present in
verbs belonging to Class VII, as {sl[a]fes(t)}, {sl[a]fet} beside
{sl[ae]fes(t)}, {sl[ae]fet}.

Concerning the changes between {i, [e:]}; {u, o}; {iu}, {ie}; {ei, [e]};
{ou, [o]} in the various classes of strong verbs, see Secs. 14-17.

THE CLASSIFICATION OF THE STRONG VERBS.

Sec. 75.

We shall only give in each class a few verbs to illustrate the gradation
of vowels and consonant changes. All other verbs occurring in the texts
will be found in the Glossary referred to their proper class.

CLASS I.

Sec. 76.

The verbs of this class belong to the first ablaut-series (Sec. 12) and
therefore have {[i]} in all forms of the present; {ei} in the first and
third pers. sing. of the preterite, but {[e]} before {ch} (= Germanic {h},
Sec. 23), and finally (Sec. 17); and {i} in the preterite plural and past
participle, thus:--

b[i]ten, _to wait_ beit biten gebiten
sw[i]gen, _to be silent_ sweic swigen geswigen
tr[i]ben, _to drive_ treip triben getriben

And similarly {bel[i]ben}, _to remain_, {b[i][z]en}, _to bite_, {r[i]ben}, _to
rub_, {r[i]ten}, _to ride_, {sch[i]nen}, _to shine_, {schr[i]ben}, _to write_,
{s[i]gen}, _to sink_, {str[i]ten}, _to quarrel_.

sn[i]den, _to cut_ sneit sniten gesniten
d[i]hen, _to thrive_ d[e]ch digen gedigen
r[i]sen, _to fall_ reis rirn (risen) gerirn (gerisen)

And similarly {l[i]den}, _to suffer_, {m[i]den}, _to avoid_, {n[i]den}, _to
envy_, {l[i]hen}, _to lend_, {z[i]hen}, _to accuse_. See Sec. 30.

Sec. 77.

The following two verbs which are also used as weak verbs have mixed
forms in the preterite and past participle:--

schr[i]en, _to scream_ schr[e] schriuwen geschriuwen
schrei schr[u]wen geschr[u]wen
schrirn geschrirn
sp[i]wen, _to vomit_ sp[e] spiwen gespiwen
spei spiuwen gespiuwen
sp[u]wen gesp[u]wen