on. Along the whole
eastern border the Jhelam, which runs in a deep gorge, divides it from
Kashmir. There are four _tahsils_, Murree, Kahuta, Rawalpindi, and Gujar
Khan. The first is a small wedge of mountainous country between Kashmir
and Hazara. The hills are continued southwards at a lower level in the
Kahuta _tahsil_ parallel with the Jhelam. The greater part of the
district consists of a high plateau of good light loam, in parts much
eaten into by ravines. Where, as often happens, it is not flat the
fields have to be carefully banked up. The plateau is drained by the
Sohan and the Kanshi. The latter starting in the south of Kahuta runs
through the south-east of the Gujar Khan _tahsil_, and for some miles
forms the boundary of the Rawalpindi and Jhelam districts. The district
is very fully cultivated except in the hills. In the plains the rainfall
is sufficient and the soil very cool and clean, except in the extreme
west, where it is sometimes gritty, and, while requiring more, gets
less, rain. The chief crops are wheat, the _Kharif_ pulses and _bajra_.
The climate is good. The cold weather is long, and, except in January
and February, when the winds from the snows are very trying, it is
pleasant. In the plains the chief tribes are Rajputs and Awans. Gakkhars
are of some importance in Kahuta. In the Murree the leading tribes are
the Dhunds and the Sattis, the latter a fine race, keen on military
service.

[Illustration: Fig. 106. Shop in Murree Bazar.]

~Rawalpindi~ is the largest cantonment in Northern India. From it the
favourite hill station of Murree is easily reached, and soon after
leaving Murree the traveller crosses the Jhelam by the Kohala bridge and
enters the territory of the Maharaja of Kashmir.

[Sidenote: Area, 4025 sq. m.
Cultd area,
1678 sq. m.
Pop. 519,273;
91 p.c. M.
Land Rev.
Rs. 672,851
=L44,857.]

[Illustration: Fig. 107.]

~Attock district.~--Though Attock is twice the size of Rawalpindi it has
a smaller population. Nature has decreed that it should be sparsely
peopled. The district stretches from the Salt Range on the south to the
Hazara border on the north. It contains itself the fine Kalachitta range
in the north, the small and barren Khairi Murat range in the centre, and
a line of bare hills running parallel with the Indus in the west. That
river forms the western boundary for 120 miles, dividing Attock from
Peshawar and Kohat. It receives in the Attock district two tributaries,