s. 61,64,172
= L410,945.]

~Jalandhar Division.~--More than half the area of the Jalandhar division
is contributed by the huge district of Kangra, which stretches from the
Plains to the lofty snowy ranges on the borders of Tibet. The other
districts are Hoshyarpur in the submontane zone, Jalandhar and Ludhiana,
which belong to the Central Plains, and Ferozepore, which is part of the
South-Eastern Panjab. Sikhs are more numerous than in any other
division, but are outnumbered by both Hindus and Muhammadans. The
Commissioner has political charge of the hill states of Mandi and Suket
and of Kapurthala in the Plains.

[Sidenote: Area, 9878 sq. m.
Cultd area,
918 sq. m.
Pop. 770,386;
94 p.c. H.
Land Rev.
Rs. 9,26,661
= L61,777.]

~Kangra~ is the largest district in the Panjab. It includes three tracts
of very different character:

(_a_) Spiti and Lahul, area exceeding 4400 square miles, forming part of
Tibet;

(_b_) Kulu and Saraj;

(_c_) Kangra proper, area 2939 square miles.

[Illustration: Fig. 90.]

Lahul, Spiti, Kulu, and Saraj form a subdivision in charge of an
Assistant Commissioner. The people of Kangra are Hindus. Islam never
penetrated into these hills as a religion, though the Rajput Rajas of
Kangra became loyal subjects of the Moghal Emperors. In its last days
Ranjit Singh called in as an ally against the Gurkhas remained as a
hated ruler. The country was ceded to the British Government in 1846.
The Rajas were chagrined that we did not restore to them their royal
authority, but only awarded them the status of _jagirdars_. An outbreak,
which was easily suppressed, occurred in 1848. Since then Kangra has
enjoyed 65 years of peace. A Gurkha regiment is stationed at the
district headquarters at Dharmsala. The cultivation ranges from the rich
maize and rice fields of Kulu and Kangra to the poor buckwheat and
_kulath_ on mountain slopes. Rice is irrigated by means of _kuhls_,
ingeniously constructed channels to lead the water of the torrents on to
the fields.

~Spiti and Lahul.~--Spiti, or rather Piti, is a country of great rugged
mountains, whose bare red and yellow rocks rise into crests of
everlasting snow showing clear under a cloudless blue sky. There is no
rain, but in winter the snowfall is heavy. The highest of the mountains
exceeds 23,000 feet. Piti is drained by the river of the same name,
which after passing through Bashahr falls I into the Sutlej at an
elevation of 11,000 feet. Of the few