]

The Sikh Jats of the Manjha to the south of the Grand Trunk Road form by
far the most important element in the population. Between 1901 and 1911
there was a falling off from 1,023,828 to 880,728. Besides its religious
importance the town of Amritsar is a great trade centre.

[Illustration: Fig. 102.]

[Sidenote: Area, 2824 sq. m.
Cultd area,
1866 sq. m.
Pop. 1,036,158.
Land Rev.
Rs. 991,815
= L66,121.]

~Lahore~ lies in the Bari Doab to the south-west of Amritsar. It is a
much larger district, though, like Amritsar, it has only three
_tahsils_, Lahore, Kasur, and Chunian. 76 p.c. of the cultivated area is
irrigated, 23 from wells and 53 from canals. There has been an enormous
extension of irrigation from the Upper Bari Doab Canal in the past 30
years. Accordingly, though the rainfall is somewhat scanty, the crops
are generally secure. The principal are wheat and gram. The district
consists of the Riverain on the Bias and Ravi, the latter extending to
both sides of the river, and the plain of the Manjha, largely held by
strong and energetic Sikh Jats. In the Ravi valley industrious Arains
predominate. Railway communications are excellent. Trade activity is not
confined to the city of Lahore. Kasur, Chunian, and Raiwind are
important local centres.

[Sidenote: Area,
21,361 sq. m.
Cultd area,
8099 sq.m.
Pop. 3,353,052;
87 p.c. M.
Land Rev.
Rs. 50,43,587
= L336,239.]

The ~Rawalpindi Division~ occupies the N.W. of the Panjab. It is in area
the second largest division, but in population the smallest. Five-sixths
of the people profess the faith of Islam. It includes six districts,
Gujrat, Jhelam, Rawalpindi, Attock, Mianwali, and Shahpur. This is the
division from which the Panjab Musalmans, who form so valuable an
element in our army, are drawn.

[Illustration: Fig. 103.]

[Sidenote: Area, 2357 sq. m.
Cultd area,
1369 sq. m.
Pop. 784,011.
Land Rev.
Ra. 887,220
= L59,148.]

~Gujrat~ lies in the Jech Doab. The two northern _tahsils_, Gujrat and
Kharian, have many of the features of a submontane tract. In the former
the Pabbi, a small range of low bare hills, runs parallel to the Jhelam,
and the outliers of the Himalaya in Kashmir are not far from the
northern border of the district. The uplands of these two _tahsils_
slope pretty rapidly from N.E. to S.W., and contain much light soil.
They are traversed by sandy torrents, dry in winter, but sometimes very
destructive in the rains. Phalia on the o