l at once see the
origin of the mistake.

"First of all he did establish Cleopatra Queene of AEgypt, of Cyprus, of
_Lydia_, and the lower Syria."

Again in the Fourth Act,

----My messenger
He hath whipt with rods, dares me to personal combat,
Caesar to Anthony. Let th' old Ruffian know
I have many other ways to die; mean time
Laugh at his challenge.----

"What a reply is this?" cries Mr. Upton, "'tis acknowledging he should
fall under the unequal combat. But if we read,

----Let the old Ruffian know
_He_ hath many other ways to die; mean time
_I_ laugh at his challenge----

we have the poignancy and the very repartee of Caesar in Plutarch."

This correction was first made by Sir Thomas Hanmer, and Mr. Johnson hath
received it. Most indisputably it is the sense of Plutarch, and given so
in the modern translations: but Shakespeare was misled by the ambiguity of
the old one, "Antonius sent again to challenge Caesar to fight him: Caesar
answered, That _he_ had many other ways to die than so."

In the Third Act of _Julius Caesar_, Anthony in his well-known harangue to
the people, repeats a part of the Emperor's will,

----To every Roman citizen he gives,
To every sev'ral man, seventy-five drachmas----
Moreover he hath left you all his walks,
His private arbours, and new-planted orchards,
On _this_ side Tyber.----

"Our Author certainly wrote," says Mr. Theobald, "On _that_ side Tyber--

_Trans_ Tiberim--prope Caesaris hortos.

And Plutarch, whom Shakespeare very diligently _studied_, expressly
declares that he left the publick his gardens and walks, {~GREEK SMALL LETTER PI~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON WITH OXIA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER RHO~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER NU~} {~GREEK SMALL LETTER TAU~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON WITH PERISPOMENI~}
{~GREEK CAPITAL LETTER PI~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER TAU~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER MU~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON~}{~GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON WITH PERISPOMENI~}, _beyond_ the _Tyber_."

This emendation likewise hath been adopted by the subsequent Editors; but
hear again the old Translation, where Shakespeare's _study_ lay: "He
bequeathed unto every citizen of Rome seventy-five drachmas a man, and he
left his gardens and arbours unto the people, which he had on _this_ side
of the river of Tyber." I c