{iew[e:]der}, {ietw[e:]der},
_each_; {iewel[i]ch}, {iewelich}, _each_; {iewiht}, {iht}, _anything_;
{kein}, _no_; {man}, _one_; {manec}, _many a_, declined {maneger},
{manege[z]}, {manegiu}, &c.; {nehein}, _no, none_; {niht}, _nothing_;
{solch}, _such_, declined like {manec}; {sum}, _any one at all_, pl.
_some_; {sumel[i]ch}, {suml[i]ch}, _many a_; {swelch}, _each who_; {sw[e:]r},
_whoever_; {w[e:]der}, _which of two_; {wel[i]ch} ({welch}), _which_,
declined like {manec}.

CHAPTER VI

VERBS

Sec. 72.

The MHG. verb has the following independent forms:--one voice (active),
two numbers, three persons, two tenses (present and preterite), two
complete moods (indicative and subjunctive, the latter originally the
optative), besides an imperative which is only used in the present
tense; two verbal nouns (the present infinitive, and the gerund,
generally called the inflected infinitive), a present participle with
active meaning, and one verbal adjective (the past participle).

The MHG. verbs are divided into two great classes:--Strong and Weak. The
strong verbs form their preterite (originally the perfect) and past
participle by means of ablaut (Sec. 12). The weak verbs form their preterite
by the addition of the syllable {-te}, and their past participle by
means of a {t}-suffix. The strong verbs were originally further
sub-divided into reduplicated and non-reduplicated verbs. The
reduplication had, however, entirely disappeared in the oldest period of
the language. The non-reduplicated verbs are divided into six classes
according to the six ablaut-series (Sec. 12). The originally reduplicated
verbs are put together here and called Class VII. Besides these two
great classes of strong and weak verbs, there are a few others which
will be treated under the general heading _Minor Groups_.

A. STRONG VERBS.

Sec. 73.

We are able to conjugate a MHG. strong verb when we know the four stems,
as seen in (1) the infinitive or first pers. sing. of the present
indicative, (2) the first or third pers. sing. of the preterite
indicative, (3) the first pers. plural of the preterite indicative, (4)
the past participle. The pret. subjunctive and the second pers. pret.
indicative have the same stem-vowel as the pret. plural indicative.

Sec. 74.

The conjugation of {n[e:]men}, OHG. {n[e:]man}, _to take_, will serve as a
model for all strong verbs.

_Present._

INDIC.