ck Spruce, Peruche).
Medium-sized tree, furnishes almost all the hemlock of the Eastern
market. Maine to Wisconsin, also following the Alleghanies southward
to Georgia and Alabama.

=17. Hemlock= (_Tsuga mertensiana_). Large-sized tree, wood claimed to
be heavier and harder than the Eastern species and of superior
quality. Used for pulp wood, floors, panels, and newels. It is not
suitable for heavy construction, especially where exposed to the
weather, it is straight in grain and will take a good polish. Not
adapted for use partly in and partly out of the ground; in fresh water
as piles will last about ten years, but as it is softer than fir it is
less able to stand driving successfully. Washington to California and
eastward to Montana.

LARCH or TAMARACK

Wood like the best of hard pine both in appearance, quality, and uses,
and owing to its great durability somewhat preferred in shipbuilding,
for telegraph poles, and railway ties. In its structure it resembles
spruce. The larches are deciduous trees, occasionally covering
considerable areas, but usually scattered among other conifers.

=18. Tamarack= (_Larix laricina_ var. _Americana_) (Larch, Black Larch,
American Larch, Hacmatac). Heartwood light brown in color, sapwood
nearly white, coarse conspicuous grain, compact structure, annual
rings pronounced. Wood heavy, hard, very strong, durable in contact
with the soil. Used for railway ties, fence posts, sills, ship
timbers, telegraph poles, flagstaffs. Medium-sized tree, often
covering swamps, in which case it is smaller and of poor quality.
Maine to Minnesota, and southward to Pennsylvania.

=19. Tamarack= (_Larix occidentalis_) (Western Larch, Larch).
Large-sized trees, scattered, locally abundant. Is little inferior to
oak in strength and durability. Heartwood of a light brown color with
lighter sapwood, has a fine, slightly satiny grain, and is fairly free
from knots; the annual rings are distant. Used for railway ties and
shipbuilding. Washington and Oregon to Montana.

PINE

Very variable, very light and soft in "soft" pine, such as white pine;
of medium weight to heavy and quite hard in "hard" pine, of which the
long-leaf or Georgia pine is the extreme form. Usually it is stiff,
quite strong, of even texture, and more or less resinous. The sapwood
is yellowish white; the heartwood orange brown. Pine shrinks
moderately, seasons rapidly and