florida_) (American Box). Small to medium-sized
tree. Attains a height of about 30 feet and about 12 inches in
diameter. The heartwood is a red or pinkish color, the sapwood, which
is considerable, is a creamy white. The wood has a dull surface and
very fine grain. It is valuable for turnery, tool handles, and
mallets, and being so free from silex, watchmakers use small splinters
of it for cleaning out the pivot holes of watches, and opticians for
removing dust from deep-seated lenses. It is also used for butchers'
skewers, and shuttle blocks and wheel stock, and is suitable for
turnery and inlaid work. Occurs scattered in all the broad-leaved
forests of our country; very common.

ELM

Wood heavy, hard, strong, elastic, very tough, moderately durable in
contact with the soil, commonly cross-grained, difficult to split and
shape, warps and checks considerably in drying, but stands well if
properly seasoned. The broad sapwood whitish, heartwood light brown,
both with shades of gray and red. On split surfaces rough, texture
coarse to fine, capable of high polish. Elm for years has been the
principal wood used in slack cooperage for barrel staves, also in the
construction of cars, wagons, etc., in boat building, agricultural
implements and machinery, in saddlery and harness work, and
particularly in the manufacture of all kinds of furniture, where the
beautiful figures, especially those of the tangential or bastard
section, are just beginning to be appreciated. The elms are medium- to
large-sized trees, of fairly rapid growth, with stout trunks; they
form no forests of pure growth, but are found scattered in all the
broad-leaved woods of our country, sometimes forming a considerable
portion of the arborescent growth.

=33. White Elm= (_Ulmus Americana_) (American Elm, Water Elm). Medium-
to large-sized tree. Wood in its quality and uses as stated above.
Common. Maine to Minnesota, southward to Florida and Texas.

=34. Rock Elm= (_Ulmus racemosa_) (Cork Elm, Hickory Elm, White Elm,
Cliff Elm). Medium- to large-sized tree of rapid growth. Heartwood
light brown, often tinged with red, sapwood yellowish or greenish
white, compact structure, fibres interlaced. Wood heavy, hard, very
tough, strong, elastic, difficult to split, takes a fine polish. Used
for agricultural implements, automobiles, crating, boxes, cooperage,
tool handles, wheel stock, bridge timbers, sills, interior finish,
and