re in the
east, most abundant in the lower Ohio Valley. From New York to
Illinois and southward. Reaches its greatest size in southern Illinois
and Indiana.

=85. Spanish Oak= (_Quercus digitata_ var. _falcata_) (Red Oak).
Medium-sized tree. Heartwood light reddish brown, sapwood much
lighter. Wood heavy, hard, strong, coarse-grained, and checks
considerably in seasoning. Used locally for construction, and has high
fuel value. Common in south Atlantic and Gulf region, but found from
Texas to New York, and northward to Missouri and Kentucky.

=86. Scarlet Oak= (_Quercus coccinea_). Medium- to large-sized tree.
Heartwood light reddish-brown, sapwood darker color. Wood heavy, hard,
strong, and coarse-grained. Best developed in the lower basin of the
Ohio, but found from Minnesota to Florida.

=87. Live Oak= (_Quercus virens_) (Maul Oak). Medium- to large-sized
tree. Grows from Maryland to the Gulf of Mexico, and often attains a
height of 60 feet and 4 feet in diameter. The wood is hard, strong,
and durable, but of rather rapid growth, therefore not as good quality
as _Quercus alba_. The live oak of Florida is now reserved by the
United States Government for Naval purposes. Used for mauls and
mallets, tool handles, etc., and locally for construction. Scattered
along the coast from Maryland to Texas.

=88. Live Oak= (_Quercus chrysolepis_) (Maul Oak, Valparaiso Oak).
Medium- to small-sized tree. California.

OSAGE ORANGE

=89. Osage Orange= (_Maclura aurantiaca_) (Bois d'Arc). A small-sized
tree of fairly rapid growth. Wood very heavy, exceedingly hard,
strong, not tough, of moderately coarse texture, and very durable and
elastic. Sapwood yellow, heartwood brown on the end face, yellow on
the longitudinal faces, soon turning grayish brown if exposed. It
shrinks considerably in drying, but once dry it stands unusually well.
Much used for wheel stock, and wagon framing; it is easily split, so
is unfit for wheel hubs, but is very suitable for wheel spokes. It is
considered one of the timbers likely to supply the place of black
locust for insulator pins on telegraph poles. Seems too little
appreciated; it is well suited for turned ware and especially for
woodcarving. Used for spokes, insulator pins, posts, railway ties,
wagon framing, turnery, and woodcarving. Scattered through the rich
bottoms of Arkansas and Texas.

PAPAW

=90. Papaw= (_Asimina trilob