= (_Quercus alba_) (American Oak). Medium-to large-sized
tree. Heartwood light brown, sapwood lighter color. Annual rings well
marked, medullary rays broad and prominent. Wood tough, strong, heavy,
hard, liable to check in seasoning, durable in contact with the soil,
takes a high polish, very elastic, does not shrink much, and can be
bent to any form when steamed. Used for agricultural implements, tool
handles, furniture, fixtures, interior finish, car and wagon
construction, beams, cabinet work, tight cooperage, railway ties,
etc., etc. Because of the broad medullary rays, it is generally
"quarter-sawn" for cabinet work and furniture. Common in the Eastern
States, Ohio and Mississippi Valleys. Occurs throughout the eastern
United States.

=66. White Oak= (_Quercus durandii_). Medium- to small-sized tree. Wood
in its quality and uses similiar to the preceding. Texas, eastward to
Alabama.

=67. White Oak= (_Quercus garryana_) (Western White Oak). Medium- to
large-sized tree. Stronger, more durable, and wood more compact than
_Quercus alba_. Washington to California.

=68. White Oak= (_Quercus lobata_). Medium- to large-sized tree. Largest
oak on the Pacific Coast. Wood in its quality and uses similar to
_Quercus alba_, only it is finer-grained. California.

=69. Bur Oak= (_Quercus macrocarpa_) (Mossy-Cup Oak, Over-Cup Oak).
Large-sized tree. Heartwood "oak" brown, sapwood lighter color. Wood
heavy, strong, close-grained, durable in contact with the soil. Used
in ship- and boatbuilding, all sorts of construction, interior finish
of houses, cabinet work, tight cooperage, carriage and wagon work,
agricultural implements, railway ties, etc., etc. One of the most
valuable and most widely distributed of American oaks, 60 to 80 feet
in height, and, unlike most of the other oaks, adapts itself to
varying climatic conditions. It is one of the most durable woods when
in contact with the soil. Common, locally abundant. Ranges from
Manitoba to Texas, and from the foot hills of the Rocky Mountains to
the Atlantic Coast. It is the most abundant oak of Kansas and
Nebraska, and forms the scattered forests known as "The oak openings"
of Minnesota.

=70. Willow Oak= (_Quercus phellos_) (Peach oak). Small to medium-sized
tree. Heartwood pale reddish brown, sapwood lighter color. Wood heavy,
hard, strong, coarse-grained. Occasionally used in construction. New
York to Texas, and northward to Kentucky.

=71. Swamp White Oak= (_Quercus