herry). Small-sized
tree. Heartwood light brown, sapwood almost white. Wood light, hard,
close-grained. Does not enter the markets to any great extent. Found
along the borders of streams in rich bottom lands. Its northern limits
is Long Island, where it is only a shrub; it becomes a tree only in
southern Arkansas and adjoining regions.

BUTTERNUT

=22. Butternut= (_Juglans cinerea_) (White Walnut, White Mahogany,
Walnut). Medium-sized tree, scattered, never forming forests. Wood
very similar to black walnut, but light, quite soft, and not strong.
Heartwood light gray-brown, darkening with exposure; sapwood nearly
white, coarse-grained, compact structure, easily worked, and
susceptible to high polish. Has similar grain to black walnut and when
stained is a very good imitation. Is much used for inside work, and
very durable. Used chiefly for finishing lumber, cabinet work, boat
finish and fixtures, and for furniture. Butternut furniture is often
sold as circassian walnut. Largest and most common in the Ohio basin.
Maine to Minnesota and southward to Georgia and Alabama.

CATALPA

The catalpa is a tree which was planted about 25 years ago as a
commercial speculation in Iowa, Kansas, and Nebraska. Its native
habitat was along the rivers Ohio and lower Wabash, and a century ago
it gained a reputation for rapid growth and durability, but did not
grow in large quantities. As a railway tie, experiments have left no
doubt as to its resistance to decay; it stands abrasion as well as the
white oak (_Quercus alba_), and is superior to it in longevity.
Catalpa is a tree singularly free from destructive diseases. Wood cut
from the living tree is one of the most durable timbers known. In
spite of its light porous structure it resists the weathering
influences and the attacks of wood-destroying fungi to a remarkable
degree. No fungus has yet been found which will grow in the dead
timber, and for fence posts this wood has no equal, lasting longer
than almost any other species of timber. The wood is rather soft and
coarse in texture, the tree is of slow growth, and the brown colored
heartwood, even of very young trees, forms nearly three-quarters of
their volume. There is only about one-quarter inch of sapwood in a
9-inch tree.

=23. Catalpa= (_Catalpa speciosa_ var. _bignonioides_) (Indian Bean).
Medium-sized tree. Heartwood light brown, sapwood nearly white. Wood