a_) (Torch Pine). A small to medium-sized
tree. Heartwood light brown or red, sapwood yellowish white. Wood
light, soft, not strong, coarse-grained, durable, very resinous. Used
locally for lumber, fuel, and charcoal. Coast regions from New York
to Georgia, and along the mountains to Kentucky.

=32. Black Pine= (_Pinus murryana_) (Lodge-pole Pine, Tamarack).
Small-sized tree. Rocky Mountains and Pacific regions.

=33. Jersey Pine= (_Pinus inops_ var. _Virginiana_) (Scrub Pine).
Small-sized tree. Along the coast from New York to Georgia and along
the mountains to Kentucky.

=34. Gray Pine= (_Pinus divaricata_ var. _banksiana_) (Scrub Pine, Jack
Pine). Medium- to large-sized tree. Heartwood pale brown, rarely
yellow; sapwood nearly white. Wood light, soft, not strong,
close-grained. Used for fuel, railway ties, and fence posts. In days
gone by the Indians preferred this species for frames of canoes.
Maine, Vermont, and Michigan to Minnesota.

REDWOOD (See Cedar)

SPRUCE

Resembles soft pine, is light, very soft, stiff, moderately strong,
less resinous than pine; has no distinct heartwood, and is of whitish
color. Used like soft pine, but also employed as resonance wood in
musical instruments and preferred for paper pulp. Spruces, like pines,
form extensive forests. They are more frugal, thrive on thinner soils,
and bear more shade, but usually require a more humid climate. "Black"
and "White" spruce as applied by lumbermen usually refer to narrow and
wide-ringed forms of black spruce (_Picea nigra_).

=35. Black Spruce= (_Picea nigra_ var. _mariana_). Medium-sized tree,
forms extensive forests in northwestern United States and in British
America; occurs scattered or in groves, especially in low lands
throughout the northern pineries. Important lumber tree in eastern
United States. Heartwood pale, often with reddish tinge; sapwood pure
white. Wood light, soft, not strong. Chiefly used for manufacture of
paper pulp, and great quantities of this as well as _Picea alba_ are
used for this purpose. Used also for sounding boards for pianos,
violins, etc. Maine to Minnesota, British America, and in the
Alleghanies to North Carolina.

=36. White Spruce= (_Picea canadensis_ var. _alba_). Medium- to
large-sized tree. Heartwood light yellow; sapwood nearly white.
Generally associated with the preceding. Most abundant along streams
and lakes, grows largest in Montan