without much injury; it works easily,
is never too hard to nail (unlike oak or hickory); it is mostly quite
durable when in contact with the soil, and if well seasoned is not
subject to the attacks of boring insects. The heavier the wood, the
darker, stronger, and harder it is, and the more it shrinks and checks
when seasoning. Pine is used more extensively than any other wood. It
is the principal wood in carpentry, as well as in all heavy
construction, bridges, trestles, etc. It is also used in almost every
other wood industry; for spars, masts, planks, and timbers in
shipbuilding, in car and wagon construction, in cooperage and
woodenware; for crates and boxes, in furniture work, for toys and
patterns, water pipes, excelsior, etc. Pines are usually large-sized
trees with few branches, the straight, cylindrical, useful stem
forming by far the greatest part of the tree. They occur gregariously,
forming vast forests, a fact which greatly facilitates their
exploitation. Of the many special terms applied to pine as lumber,
denoting sometimes differences in quality, the following deserve
attention: "White pine," "pumpkin pine," "soft pine," in the Eastern
markets refer to the wood of the white pine (_Pinus strobus_), and on
the Pacific Coast to that of the sugar pine (_Pinus lambertiana_).
"Yellow pine" is applied in the trade to all the Southern lumber
pines; in the Northwest it is also applied to the pitch pine (_Pinus
regida_); in the West it refers mostly to the bull pine (_Pinus
ponderosa_). "Yellow long-leaf pine" (Georgia pine), chiefly used in
advertisements, refers to the long-leaf Pine (_Pinus palustris_).

(_a_) Soft Pines

=20. White Pine= (_Pinus strobus_) (Soft Pine, Pumpkin Pine, Weymouth
Pine, Yellow Deal). Large to very large-sized tree, reaching a height
of 80 to 100 feet or more, and in some instances 7 or 8 feet in
diameter. For the last fifty years the most important timber tree of
the United States, furnishing the best quality of soft pine. Heartwood
cream white; sapwood nearly white. Close straight grain, compact
structure; comparatively free from knots and resin. Soft, uniform;
seasons well; easy to work; nails without splitting; fairly durable in
contact with the soil; and shrinks less than other species of pine.
Paints well. Used for carpentry, construction, building, spars, masts,
matches, boxes, etc., etc., etc.

=21. Sugar Pine= (_Pinus lambertiana_) (White Pine,