les, bottles of perfumery,
drugs, liquids, salves, lotions, and powders of many kinds. Many boxes
of this pattern are used by manufacturers of pencils and crayons for
packing and shipping their wares. Such boxes are made in numerous
numbers by automatic machinery. A single machine of the most improved
pattern will turn out 1,400 boxes an hour. After the boring and
turning are done, they are smoothed by placing them into a tumbling
barrel with soapstone. It is also used for one-piece shallow trays or
boxes, without lids, and used as card receivers, pin receptacles,
butter boxes, fruit platters, and contribution plates in churches. It
is also the principal wood used for spools, bobbins, bowls, shoe
lasts, pegs, and turnery, and is also much used in the furniture
trade. All along the northern boundary of the United States and
northward, from the Atlantic to the Pacific.

BLACK WALNUT (See Walnut)

BLUE BEECH

=18. Blue Beech= (_Carpinus Caroliniana_) (Hornbeam, Water Beech,
Ironwood). Small-sized tree. Heartwood light brown, sapwood nearly
white. Wood very hard, heavy, strong, very stiff, of rather fine
texture, not durable in contact with the soil, shrinks and checks
considerably in drying, but works well and stands well, and takes a
fine polish. Used chiefly in turnery, for tool handles, etc. Abroad
much used by mill-and wheelwrights. A small tree, largest in the
Southwest, but found in nearly all parts of the eastern United States.

BOIS D'ARC (See Osage Orange)

BUCKEYE

Wood light, soft, not strong, often quite tough, of fine, uniform
texture and creamy white color. It shrinks considerably in drying, but
works well and stands well. Used for woodenware, artificial limbs,
paper pulp, and locally also for building construction.

=19. Ohio Buckeye= (_AEsculus glabra_) (Horse Chestnut, Fetid Buckeye).
Small-sized tree, scattered, never forming forests. Heartwood white,
sapwood pale brown. Wood light, soft, not strong, often quite tough
and close-grained. Alleghanies, Pennsylvania to Oklahoma.

=20. Sweet Buckeye= (_AEsculus octandra_ var. _flava_) (Horse Chestnut).
Small-sized tree, scattered, never forming forests. Wood in its
quality and uses similar to the preceding. Alleghanies, Pennsylvania
to Texas.

BUCKTHORNE

=21. Buckthorne= (_Rhanmus Caroliniana_) (Indian C