" ed. Thomas, chap. viii. p. 69. _Cf._ Neckham, "De
Naturis Rerum," chap. clxxiv. (Rolls, 1863, p. 311).

[243] On the old University of Paris, see Ch. Thurot's excellent essay:
"De l'organisation de l'enseignement dans l'Universite de Paris au moyen
age," Paris, 1850, 8vo. The four nations, p. 16; the English nation, p.
32; its colleges, p. 28; the degrees in the faculty of arts, pp. 43 ff.

[244] Their servants were of course much worse in every way; they lived
upon thefts, and had even formed on this account an association with a
captain at their head: "Cum essem Parisius audivi quod garciones
servientes scholarium, qui omnes fere latrunculi solent esse, habebant
quendam magistrum qui pinceps erat hujus modi latrocinii." Th. Wright,
"Latin stories from MSS. of the XIIIth and XIVth Centuries," London,
1842, tale No. cxxv.

[245] May, 1358, in Isambert's "Recueil des anciennes Lois," vol. v. p.
26.

[246] Thurot, _ut supra_, pp. 73, 89.

[247] In his "Metalogicus," "Opera Omnia," ed. Giles, Oxford, 1848, 5
vols. 8vo, vol. v. p. 81.

[248] Innocent IV. confirms (ab. 1254) all the "immunitates et
laudabiles, antiquas, rationabiles consuetudines" of Oxford: "Nulli ergo
hominum liceat hanc paginam nostrae protectionis infringere vel ausu
temerario contraire." "Munimenta Academica, or documents illustrative of
academical life and studies at Oxford," ed. Anstey, 1868, Rolls, 2 vols.
8vo, vol. i. p. 26. _Cf._ W. E. Gladstone, "An Academic Sketch," Oxford,
1892.

[249] "Rolls of Parliament," 8 Ed. III. vol. ii. p. 76.

[250] Robert of Avesbury (a contemporary, he died ab. 1357), "Historia
Edvardi tertii," ed. Hearne, Oxford, 1720, 8vo, p. 197.

[251] "Vivant omnes honeste, ut clerici, prout decet sanctos, non
pugnantes, non scurrilia vel turpia loquentes, non cantilenas sive
falulas de amasiis vel luxuriosis, aut ad libidinem sonantibus
narrantes, cantantes aut libenter audientes." "Munimenta Academica," i.
p. 60.

[252] Regulation of uncertain date belonging to the thirteenth (or more
probably to the fourteenth) century, concerning pupils in grammar
schools; they will be taught prosody, and will write verses and
epistles: "Literas compositas verbis decentibus, non ampullosis aut
sesquipedalibus et quantum possint sententia refertis." They will learn
Latin, English, and French "in gallico ne lingua illa penitus sit
omissa." "Munimenta Academica," i. p. 437.

[253] Another sign of the times consists in the number