en it began, all traces of Hindu influence have
vanished, and the buildings display the austere and massive grandeur
suited to the faith of the desert prophet unalloyed by foreign elements.
This style in its beginning is best seen in the cyclopean ruins of
Tughlakabad and the tomb of the Emperor Tughlak Shah, and in some
mosques in and near Delhi. Its latest phase is represented by Sher
Shah's mosque in the Old Fort or _Purana Kila'_. To some the simple
grandeur of this style will appeal more strongly than the splendid, but
at times almost effeminate, beauty of the third period. Noted examples
of Moghal architecture in the Panjab are to be found in Shahjahari's red
fort palace and _Jama' Masjid_ at New Delhi or Shahjahanabad,
Humayun's tomb on the road from Delhi to Mahrauli, the fort palace, the
Badshahi and Wazir Khan's mosques, at Lahore, and Jahangir's mausoleum
at Shahdara. A very late building in this style is the tomb of Nawab
Safdar Jang (1753) near Delhi. A further account of some of the most
famous Muhammadan buildings will be found in the paragraphs devoted to
the chief cities of the province. The architecture of the British period
scarcely deserves notice.

[Illustration: Fig. 78. Tomb of Emperor Tughlak Shah.]

[Illustration: Fig. 79. Jama Masjid, Delhi.]

[Illustration: Fig. 80. Tomb of Emperor Humayun.]

[Illustration: Fig. 81. Badshahi Mosque, Lahore.]

~Coins.~--Among the most interesting of the archaeological remains are the
coins which are found in great abundance on the frontier and all over
the Panjab. These take us back through the centuries to times before
the invasion of India by Alexander, and for the obscure period
intervening between the Greek occupation of the Frontier and the
Muhammadan conquest, they are our main source of history. The most
ancient of the Indian monetary issues are the so-called punch-marked
coins, some of which were undoubtedly in existence before the Greek
invasion. Alexander himself left no permanent traces of his progress
through the Panjab and Sindh, but about the year 200 B.C., Greeks from
Bactria, an outlying province of the Seleukidan Empire, once more
appeared on the Indian Frontier, which they effectively occupied for
more than a century. They struck the well-known Graeco-Bactrian coins;
the most famous of the Indo-Greek princes were Apollodotos and Menander.
Towards the close of this dynasty, parts of Sindh and Afghanistan were
conquered by Saka Scythians fr