ome six millions of human beings have to be
freed from political and civil disabilities and social and economic
restrictions which for calculated cruelty have no parallels outside the
Dark Ages. The Peace Conference will have accomplished relatively little
if a shred of this blackest of all European scandals is allowed to
survive its deliberations.

This collection does not pretend to be complete. The aim has been only
to illustrate adequately the main lines of the theme with a view to
practical questions which may arise in connection with the Peace
Conference. American documents have been only sparely quoted, for the
reason that the American Jewish Historical Society has already published
a very full collection of such documents. (Cyrus Adler: "Jews in the
Diplomatic Correspondence of the United States.") The many generous
interventions of the Vatican on behalf of persecuted Jews have also been
omitted partly for a similar reason (see Stern: "Urkundliche Beitraege
ueber die Stellung der Paepste zu den Juden") and partly because they have
very little direct bearing on the diplomatic activities of the Great
Powers during the period under discussion.

My grateful acknowledgements are due to the Foreign Office for kindly
permitting me to copy the documents relating to Palestine, which will be
found appended to Chapter IV, and to Lieut. J. B. Morton, who was good
enough to relieve me of much of the work of reading the proof-sheets. I
have also to thank Mr. D. Mitrani for the generous help he gave me in
preparing the Index.

L. W.

GRAY'S INN, LONDON.

_December 1918._

CONTENTS.

PAGE

I. INTRODUCTION

ON INTERNATIONAL RELIGIOUS LIBERTY GENERALLY 1

II. INTERVENTIONS ON GROUNDS OF HUMANITY 6

(_a_) PERSECUTION OF THE JEWS IN BOHEMIA (1744-1745) 7
DOCUMENTS--
Petition to King George II, 1744 7
Appeal of Bohemian Jews, 1744 9
The Decree of the Empress, 1744 10
Instructions to the British Ambassador in Vienna, 1744 11

(_b_) THE CONGRESS OF VIENNA (1815) 12
DOCUMENTS--
List from Klueber 14
Art. XVI of Annexe IX of Final Act of Co