111
Lord Clanricarde to Lord Palmerston, Feb. 23. 1841 113
Memoire of the King of Prussia, Feb. 24, 1841 114
Baron Buelow to Lord Palmerston, March 6, 1841 116
Lord Beauvale to Lord Palmerston, March 2, 1841 116
Lord Palmerston to Lord Beauvale, March 11, 1841 117
Further Austrian Memorandum, March 31, 1841 117
Col. Churchill to Sir Moses Montefiore, June 14, 1841 119
The same to the same, Aug. 15, 1842 121
Resolution of the Jewish Board of Deputies, Nov. 8, 1843 123
Col. Churchill to the Board of Deputies, Jan. 8, 1843 123
Art. V of Agreement between Great Britain, France and Russia,
Feb. 21, 1917 124
Mr. Balfour to Lord Rothschild, Nov. 2, 1917 124

APPENDIX.

International Anti-Semitism in 1498 126
DOCUMENT--
Sub-Prior of Santa Cruz to Ferdinand and Isabella, July 18, 1498 126

INDEX 127

FOOTNOTES

NOTES ON THE DIPLOMATIC HISTORY OF THE JEWISH QUESTION.

I. INTRODUCTION.

ON INTERNATIONAL RELIGIOUS LIBERTY GENERALLY.

The Jewish Question is part of the general question of Religious
Toleration. Together with the questions relating to the toleration of
"Turks and Infidels," it raises the question of Religious Liberty in its
most acute form. It is both local and international. Locally it seeks a
solution through Civil and Political Emancipation on the basis of
Religious Toleration. Internationally it arises when a State or
combination of States which has been gained to the cause of Religious
Toleration intervenes for the protection or emancipation of the
oppressed Jewish subjects of another State. There have been, however, at
least two occasions when the interventions have taken the contrary form
of efforts to promote the persecution or restraint of Jews as such.[1]

As an altruistic form of international action the principle of
intervention has been of slow growth. It required an atmosphere of
toleration on a wide scale, and, before this atmosphere could be
created, Christian States had to learn toleration for themselves by a
hard experience of its necessity. They had, in the first place, to
se