e "doer" is mentioned the following construction is often used--

A estos ninos los aman sus padres: These children are loved by their
parents.

The English present participle used substantively is rendered in Spanish
by a noun or by the infinitive mood of the verb generally preceded by
the definite article, as--

El cambio de las condiciones: The changing of the terms.
El cambiar las condiciones: The changing of the terms.

Su comunicacion a las autoridades de la Aduana,
El escribir _or_ el haber escrito el a las autoridades de la Aduana:
His writing to the custom-house authorities.

El vender a credito a largos plazos no es un principio sano:
Selling on credit with long terms is not a sound practice.

Prefiero comprar disponible (_or_ las compras de disponible):
I prefer spot buying.

=_The English gerund following "by" is translated by the gerund without
preposition or by the infinitive preceded by _con_, as--_=

Depositando (_or_ con depositar) sus acciones se puso en perfecta regla:
By depositing his shares, he put himself in order.

The Spanish verbal forms ending in _ante_ and _iente_, as: Amante
(lover), tratante (dealer), dependiente (clerk), etc., used to be termed
"present participles," and the analogous forms "amando" (loving),
"tratando" (treating), "dependiendo" (depending), etc., "gerunds," but
this has now taken the place of both forms, used as verbs, and the forms
in _ante_ and _iente_ are classed as other parts of speech, according to
their meaning, as--

Amante de la musica (_adj._): Fond of music.
Un tratante en trigos (_noun_): A dealer in wheat.
Un dependiente de comercio (_noun_): A commercial clerk.
Durante la exposicion (_prep._): During the exhibition.
Mediante su ayuda (_prep._): By means of his help.
No obstante que vino (_conj._): Notwithstanding his coming.
iCorriente! (_interj._): All right! done!

=Huir= (to flee).[190]

_Pres. Indic._, Huyo, huyes, huye ... huyen. _Pres. Subj._, Huya, huyas,
huya, huyamos, huyais, huyan.

[Footnote 190: Model for all verbs ending in "uir" (with "u" sounded).]

VOCABULARY.

=acabado=, finish (cloth)
=acudir=, to have recourse, to attend, to run to
=a las claras=, plainly, clearly
=apresto=, size, also finish (cloth)
=aprovecharse=, to take advantage
=bomba de doble efecto=, double-acting pump
=burlarse=, to make fun of, to trifle with
=chucherias=, pretty trifles
*=convenir en=, to agree to
=enganifas=, tricks
=escandalos