that a
complete estimate of the German influence in these magazines can thus
be obtained.

[Footnote 11: Wilkens mentions about a dozen magazines
incidentally but no attempt has been made to investigate this
field.]

The scope of the present work comprises the American magazines
published before 1811. By the term "American magazines" is meant all
magazines published in English, whether in the United States or
Canada. Periodicals in German, Spanish, French or other foreign
languages have been excluded. In as much as the study is primarily
concerned with literature it has been necessary, on account of the
great scope of the subject, to omit publications of a non-literary
type, e. g., newspapers, gazettes, periodicals dealing solely with
history, religious magazines, almanacs, etc. This method of exclusion
is not an easy one, for during the period under discussion the
magazine and the newspaper approached each other, the former printed
news and the latter gave specimens of literature, usually short poems.
It happened sometimes that a translation which appeared in a magazine
had been printed first in a newspaper. For example, _The Name
Unknown_, "Imitated from Klopstock's ode to his future mistress. By
Thomas Campbell," is to be found in the _Newport Mercury_, 1803,
Newport, just three years before it was printed in _The Evening
Fireside_, II-165, Phila. This illustrates the importance of the
newspaper in this connection, especially since the latter contained
also numerous paragraphs on things German, but it is a field for
separate investigation and in this connection must take second place
as compared with the literary periodicals.

Similarly the religious magazines often contain poems relative to our
subject, so that it has been necessary to include some of these
publications. Thus, the _Boston Observer and Religious Intelligencer_,
I-152, 1835, Boston, contains the poem _Trust in God_, "Translated
from the German," whereas others indicate on their title page their
dual character, e. g., _The Literary and Theological Review_, 1834-39,
N. Y., _The Monthly Miscellany of Religion and Letters_, 1839, etc.,
Boston, and _The Monthly Mag. of Religion and Literature_, 1840,
Gettysburg. Most of the religious magazines, however, belong to the
period after 1810.

Lastly, even some of the almanacs come almost within the range of the
present discussion, for the earlier ones have poems[12] and
interesting informatio