the mountains of northeastern Asia with valuable wood and
large edible nuts; hardy and often cultivated in cool-temperate
climates.

The P. koraiensis of Beissner (in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. iv.
184) and of Masters (in Gard. Chron. ser. 3, xxxiii. 34, ff.) are P.
Armandi and have led to an erroneous extension of the range of this
species into Shensi and Hupeh. In the original description of the
species the authors call attention to an error in the plate, where a
cone of another species has been substituted.

P. koraiensis resembles P. cembra in leaf and branchlet but not in the
cone. It is often confused with P. Armandi, but can easily be
distinguished by its tomentose branchlets, indehiscent cone and
peculiar seed. The two species, moreover, do not always agree in the
position of the foliar resin-ducts.

Plate VIII.

Fig. 85, Cone and seed. Fig. 86, Leaf-fascicle and magnified
leaf-section.

2. PINUS CEMBRA

1753 P. cembra Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1000.
1778 P. montana Lamarck, Fl. Franc. iii. 651 (not Miller).
1858 P. pumila Regel in Index Sem. Hort. Petrop. 23.
1884 P. mandschurica Lawson, Pinet. Brit. i. 61, ff. (not Ruprecht).
1906 P. sibirica Mayr, Fremdl. Wald- & Parkb. 388.
1913 P. coronans Litvinof in Trav. Mus. Bot. Acad. St. Petersb.
xi. 23, f.

Spring-shoots densely tomentose. Leaves from 5 to 12 cm. long,
serrulate; stomata ventral only; resin-ducts medial or, in the dwarf
form, often external. Conelets short-pedunculate, purple during their
second season. Cone from 5 to 8 cm. long, ovate or subglobose,
subsessile; apophyses dull nut-brown, thick, slightly convex, the margin
often a little reflexed, the umbo inconspicuous; seeds wingless, large,
the dorsal spermoderm adnate partly to the nut, partly to the
cone-scale, the ventral spermoderm wanting.

The Swiss Stone Pine attains a height of 15 or 25 metres and occupies
two distinct areas, the Alps, from Savoy to the Carpathians at high
altitudes, and the plains and mountain-slopes throughout the vast area
from northeastern Russia through Siberia. Beyond the Lena and Lake
Baikal it becomes a dwarf (var. pumila) with its eastern limit in
northern Nippon and in Kamchatka. It is successfully cultivated in the
cool-temperate climates of Europe and America. The wood is of even,
close grain, peculiarly adapted to carving. The nuts are gathered for
food and