falls. The mechanical nature of this adhesion is apparent in P.
Gerardiana, where the wing adheres not to its own, but to the adjacent
scale. The two species are alike in their leaves but distinct in their
cones and seeds.

Cones smaller, the nut short-ovate 16. Bungeana.
Cones larger, the nut long-cylindrical 17. Gerardiana.

16. PINUS BUNGEANA

1847 P. Bungeana Zuccarini ex Endlicher, Syn. Conif. 166.

Spring-shoots glabrous, summer-shoots common on fruiting branches of
young trees. Leaves from 6 to 10 cm. long, serrulate; stomata dorsal and
ventral; resin-ducts external. Conelets subterminal or often
pseudolateral, their scales gradually narrowed into a spine. Cones from
5 to 7 cm. long, short-pedunculate, short-ovate; apophyses dull pale
nut-brown, elevated along a transverse keel, the dark brown umbo forming
a spine with a broad base; seeds with a short loosely attached wing,
sometimes remaining in the cone when the short-ovate nut falls.

A tree cultivated about the temples of China and recently found by
Wilson growing on the mountains of Hupeh. The earlier parti-colored
bark changes to chalky white on old trunks, by which the tree is
recognized from a great distance. The stem of the tree is often
multiple by the vertical growth of some of the lower branches. It is
very hardy and is cultivated in Europe and America, although these
cultivated trees are not yet of sufficient age to show the remarkable
white trunk.

Plate XIV.

Fig. 138, Cone and cone-scale with adhering wing. Fig. 139, Seed and
wing. Fig. 140, Leaf-fascicle and magnified leaf-section. Fig. 141,
Parti-colored bark. Fig. 142, Tree with white trunk.

17. PINUS GERARDIANA

1832 P. Gerardiana Wallich ex Lambert, Gen. Pin. ed. 8vo, ii. t. 79.

Spring-shoots glabrous. Leaves from 6 to 10 cm. long, serrulate; stomata
dorsal and ventral; resin-ducts external. Scales of the conelet armed
with a short spine. Cones from 9 to 15 cm. long, short-pedunculate,
ovoid or oblong; apophyses fulvous brown, very thick, with a prominent
reflexed or erect protuberance culminating in an umbo on which the spine
is more or less persistent; nuts remarkably long, narrow, terete, the
shell fragile, the short wing falling with the nut or adhering to the
adjacent scale.

A tree of the northwestern Himalayas found on the borders of Cashmere
and Thibet and in Kafiristan and north Afgh