herent to the cone-scale and
breaking apart at the fall of the nut.

A tree of the mountains of Japan and Formosa, cultivated extensively.
It is recognized by its very short quinate leaves and by its nearly
sessile cones. The frequent but not invariable retention of the
seed-wing in the cone is due to adhesion. Many seeds fall with their
wings intact, others break away from the wing which, after a while,
loosens and also falls.

Plate XI.

Figs. 114, 115, Three cones and seed. Fig. 116, Leaf-fascicle and
magnified leaf-section.

9. PINUS PEUCE

1844 P. peuce Grisebach, Spicil. Fl. Rumel. ii. 349.
1865 P. excelsa Hooker in Jour. Linn. Soc. viii. 145. (not Wallich).

Spring-shoots glabrous. Leaves from 7 to 10 cm. long, erect, serrulate;
stomata ventral only; resin-ducts external. Connective of pollen-sacs
small and narrow. Cones deciduous, from 8 to 15 cm. long,
subcylindrical, often curved, the peduncle short; apophyses tawny
yellow, prominently and abruptly convex, the umbo against the scale
beneath; seed-wing long.

A tree of the Balkan Mountains, very hardy and bearing abundant fruit
in the gardens of both hemispheres. The cone resembles that of P.
excelsa, but is prevalently much shorter and with a relatively shorter
peduncle. Its leaves are also much shorter and are always erect. A
curious difference is found in the connectives of the pollen-sacs,
small in peuce (fig. 113), large in excelsa (fig. 110). The convexity
of its apophyses distinguishes the cone from those of P. monticola and
P. strobus. Beissner followed Hooker and named this species excelsa,
var. peuce, in the first edition of his Handbuch (1891), but in the
second edition he restored the Balkan Pine to specific standing.

Plate XI.

Fig. 111, Cone and seed. Fig. 112, Leaf-fascicle and magnified
leaf-section. Fig. 113, Pollen-sacs and connective magnified.

10. PINUS EXCELSA

1824 P. excelsa Wallich ex Lambert, Gen. Pin. ii, 5, t. 3.
1845 P. nepalensis De Chambray, Arbr. Resin. 342.
1854 P. Griffithii McClelland in Griffith, Notul. Pl. Asiat. iv, 17;
Icon. Pl. Asiat. t. 365.

Spring-shoots glabrous. Leaves from 10 to 18 cm. long, drooping,
serrulate; stomata ventral only; resin-ducts external but often with a
medial ventral duct. Connective of the pollen-sacs large. Cones from 15
to 25 cm. long, narrow-cylindrical; apophyses tawny yellow or pale